Overexpression of CDC91L1 (PIG-U) in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma: Correlation with clinical variables and prognostic significance

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cell division cycle 91-like 1 (CDC91L1; also called phosphatidylinositol glycan class U, PIG-U) expression in bladder cancer at both the mRNA and protein levels, and to study its clinical and prognostic significance, as CDC91L1 was recently identified as a new oncogene in human bladder cancer and its role in the biological behaviour of bladder cancer is largely unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 73 bladder tumours and 14 samples of normal bladder urothelium were studied by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The normalized CDC91L1 mRNA copy number in tumours was significantly greater than in normal controls (P < 0.05). There was overexpression of CDC91L1 mRNA in 30.1% (22/73) of the bladder tumours compared with the normal urothelium. At the protein level, 75.3% (55/73) of the bladder tumours and two of 14 of the normal urothelium had high expression of CDC91L1 protein, which is statistically significant (P < 0.001). The correlation between CDC91L1 protein and tumour grade, and muscle invasion of tumour was significant (both P < 0.05). In addition to tumour extent and tumour grade, CDC91L1 protein was an independent predictor of recurrence for superficial bladder cancer and had a trend to predict tumour progression. CONCLUSIONS: CDC91L1 (PIG-U) plays a role in the development of bladder urothelial cell carcinoma. CDC91L1 protein might be a potential biomarker for prediction of recurrence and a therapeutic target in bladder cancer.