Abstract
Immunotherapy has become a new modality of cancer treatment, but has had a limited success in treating PDAC. A combination approach to immunotherapy, using both immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune activating agonists, is needed, as PDAC does not respond to single-agent checkpoint inhibitors. Studies have also supported using vaccine-based therapies to prime the tumor microenvironment of PDAC with effector T-cells. Other therapeutic strategies including epigenetic agents, stroma modulators, radiotherapy, and T-cell transfer therapies may also prime the tumor microenvironment to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 55-62 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Journal of Surgical Oncology |
Volume | 116 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 1 2017 |
Keywords
- cancer vaccine
- immune checkpoint inhibitor
- immunotherapy
- pancreatic cancer
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Surgery
- Oncology