@article{841401d80c8347d4a4bae53b08f842e8,
title = "Outcomes of growing rod surgery for severe compared with moderate early-onset scoliosis: A matched comparative study",
abstract = "Aims The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of surgery using growing rods in patients with severe versus moderate early-onset scoliosis (EOS). Patients and Methods A review of a multicentre EOS database identified 107 children with severe EOS (major curve ≥ 90°) treated with growing rods before the age of ten years with a minimum followup of two years and three or more lengthening procedures. From the same database, 107 matched controls with moderate EOS were identified. Results The mean preoperative major curve was 101° (90 to 139) in the severe group and 67° (33° to 88°) in the moderate group (p < 0.001), which was corrected at final follow-up to 57° (10° to 96°) in the severe group and 40° (3° to 85°) in the moderate group (p < 0.001). T1-S1 height increased by a mean of 54 mm (-8 to 131) in the severe group and 27 mm (-4 to 131) in the moderate group at the initial surgery (p < 0.001), and by 50 mm (-17 to 200) and 54 mm (-11 to 212), respectively, during distraction (p = 0.84). The mean number of complications per patient was 2.6 (0 to 14) in the severe group and 1.9 (0 to 10) in the moderate group (p = 0.040). Five patients (4.7%) in the severe group and three (2.8%) in the moderate group developed a neurological deficit postoperatively (p = 0.47). Conclusion Severe EOS can be treated effectively using growing rods, but the risk of complications is high.",
author = "Helenius, {I. J.} and Oksanen, {H. M.} and A. McClung and Pawelek, {J. B.} and M. Yazici and Sponseller, {P. D.} and Emans, {J. B.} and {S{\'a}nchez P{\'e}rez-Grueso}, {F. J.} and Thompson, {G. H.} and C. Johnston and Shah, {S. A.} and Akbarnia, {B. A.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the members of the Growing Spine Study Group for providing patient data into the register. Images provided by the Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York. Funding statement: I. Helenius reports consultant fees received from Medtronic, as well as grants and research funding received from Medtronic International, Innosurge As, and Baxter International. J. Pawelek is a Board member for the San Diego Spine Foundation. P. Sponseller reports consultant fees received from DePuy Spine, grants and research funding received from DePuy Spine, and royalties received from DePuy Spine and Globus; P. Sponseller sits on the advisory board or panel of Oakstone Medical Publishers and The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery [Am]. G. Thompson reports consultant fees received from NuVasive and OrthoPediatrics, royalties received from OrthoPediatrics, and stock options with OrthoPediatrics; G. Thompson is also Co-Editor for The Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Chair of the Medical Advisory Board for Shriner{\textquoteright}s Hospital for Children, historian for the Scoliosis Research Society, and President of SICOT Foundation, International Federation of Paediatric Orthopaedic Societies. J. Emans reports consultant fees received from Medtronic and Zimmer Biomet, as well as royalties received from DePuy Synthes Spine. B. Akbarnia reports consultant fees received from NuVasive and grants from NuVasive to the author{\textquoteright}s institution, as well as royalties received from Nuvasive, K2M, and DePuy Synthes Spine. Although none of the authors has received or will receive benefits for personal or professional use from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article, benefits have been or will be received but will be directed solely to a research fund, foundation, educational institution, or other nonprofit organization with which one or more of the authors are associated. This article was primary edited by J. Scott. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.",
year = "2018",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1302/0301-620X.100B6.BJJ-2017-1490.R1",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "100B",
pages = "772--779",
journal = "Bone and Joint Journal",
issn = "2049-4394",
publisher = "British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery",
number = "6",
}