TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimal Human Passive Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Adaptation Does Not Rely on Passive Training
AU - Mahfuz, M. Muntaseer
AU - Schubert, Michael C.
AU - Figtree, William V.C.
AU - Todd, Christopher J.
AU - Khan, Serajul I.
AU - Migliaccio, Americo A.
N1 - Funding Information:
A.A. Migliaccio was supported by the Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation Senior/Principal Research Fellowship in Otorhinolaryngology and Project Grant (2013-15) and NHMRC Development Grant APP105550.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Association for Research in Otolaryngology.
PY - 2018/6/1
Y1 - 2018/6/1
N2 - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is the main vision-stabilising system during rapid head movements in humans. A visual-vestibular mismatch stimulus can be used to train or adapt the VOR response because it induces a retinal image slip error signal that drives VOR motor learning. The training context has been shown to affect VOR adaptation. We sought to determine whether active (self-generated) versus passive (externally imposed) head rotation vestibular training would differentially affect adaptation and short-term retention of the active and passive VOR responses. Ten subjects were tested, each over six separate 1.5-h sessions. We compared active versus passive head impulse (transient, rapid head rotations with peak velocity ~ 150 °/s) VOR adaptation training lasting 15 min with the VOR gain challenged to increment, starting at unity, by 0.1 every 90 s towards one side only (this adapting side was randomised to be either left or right). The VOR response was tested/measured in darkness at 10-min intervals, 20-min intervals, and two single 60-min interval sessions for 1 h post-training. The training was active or passive for the 10- and 20-min interval sessions, but only active for the two single 60-min interval sessions. The mean VOR response increase due to training was ~ 10 % towards the adapting side versus ~2 % towards the non-adapting side. There was no difference in VOR adaptation and retention between active and passive VOR training. The only factor to affect retention was exposure to a de-adaptation stimulus. These data suggest that active VOR adaptation training can be used to optimally adapt the passive VOR and that adaptation is completely retained over 1 h as long as there is no visual feedback signal driving de-adaptation.
AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is the main vision-stabilising system during rapid head movements in humans. A visual-vestibular mismatch stimulus can be used to train or adapt the VOR response because it induces a retinal image slip error signal that drives VOR motor learning. The training context has been shown to affect VOR adaptation. We sought to determine whether active (self-generated) versus passive (externally imposed) head rotation vestibular training would differentially affect adaptation and short-term retention of the active and passive VOR responses. Ten subjects were tested, each over six separate 1.5-h sessions. We compared active versus passive head impulse (transient, rapid head rotations with peak velocity ~ 150 °/s) VOR adaptation training lasting 15 min with the VOR gain challenged to increment, starting at unity, by 0.1 every 90 s towards one side only (this adapting side was randomised to be either left or right). The VOR response was tested/measured in darkness at 10-min intervals, 20-min intervals, and two single 60-min interval sessions for 1 h post-training. The training was active or passive for the 10- and 20-min interval sessions, but only active for the two single 60-min interval sessions. The mean VOR response increase due to training was ~ 10 % towards the adapting side versus ~2 % towards the non-adapting side. There was no difference in VOR adaptation and retention between active and passive VOR training. The only factor to affect retention was exposure to a de-adaptation stimulus. These data suggest that active VOR adaptation training can be used to optimally adapt the passive VOR and that adaptation is completely retained over 1 h as long as there is no visual feedback signal driving de-adaptation.
KW - VOR adaptation
KW - VOR training
KW - active and passive VOR
KW - retention of VOR adaptation
KW - vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
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U2 - 10.1007/s10162-018-0657-9
DO - 10.1007/s10162-018-0657-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 29464411
AN - SCOPUS:85042228901
SN - 1525-3961
VL - 19
SP - 261
EP - 271
JO - JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
JF - JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
IS - 3
ER -