Ophthalmic laser safety: Tissue interactions, hazards, and protection

Laser interactions with ocular tissues depend on wavelength, exposure duration, and beam irradiance. The optimization of laser applications and the potential adverse effects and safety depend on an understanding of these factors. Patient safety rests on proper laser use and minimizing the scatter of potentially hazardous ultraviolet and blue light. Minimizing risks to ancillary personnel rests on proper positioning of each clinical laser and through the use of laser eye protectors in special situations. Safety regulations require assignment of laser safety duties to one responsible person.