TY - JOUR
T1 - Olfactory processing in bipolar disorder, major depression, and anxiety
AU - Kamath, Vidyulata
AU - Paksarian, Diana
AU - Cui, Lihong
AU - Moberg, Paul J.
AU - Turetsky, Bruce I.
AU - Merikangas, Kathleen R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Mental Health (Z01 MH002804). VK is supported through the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (KL2TR001077), which is funded in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, a component of the NIH, and the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the views of the sponsoring organizations, agencies, or US Government.
Publisher Copyright:
Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/9
Y1 - 2018/9
N2 - Objectives: Although olfactory abnormalities are well established in schizophrenia, considerably less work has examined olfactory performance in other neuropsychiatric conditions. In the current study, we examined odor identification, odor discrimination, detection threshold, and odor hedonic processing performance in individuals with bipolar I disorder (n = 43; n = 13 with psychotic features), bipolar II disorder (n = 48), major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 134), anxiety (n = 48), and no mental disorder (n = 72) who participated in a community-based family study. Methods: Best estimate DSM-IV diagnoses were based on in-depth personal interviews as well as interviews with family members. Olfactory tests were administered during an in-person clinical visit and were compared using robust linear regression adjusting for age, sex, and psychiatric medication use, as well as nicotine use when necessary. Results: Compared to controls, odor identification performance was lower among individuals with MDD (b = −1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.50, −0.24) and bipolar I disorder (b = −1.79, 95% CI: −3.51, −0.67). Among the latter group, performance was only reduced among those with psychotic features (b = −3.49, 95% CI: −6.33, −0.65), particularly for pleasant odors (b = −1.46, 95% CI: −2.51, −0.42). Those with MDD showed lower identification accuracy for neutral odors (b = −0.63, 95% CI: −1.20, −0.06). Performances on measures of odor discrimination and detection threshold did not differ by diagnostic group. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings indicate that odor identification difficulties may exist in mood disorders, especially when psychotic features are present. In contrast, the global olfactory dysfunction observed in schizophrenia may not be a feature of other neuropsychiatric conditions.
AB - Objectives: Although olfactory abnormalities are well established in schizophrenia, considerably less work has examined olfactory performance in other neuropsychiatric conditions. In the current study, we examined odor identification, odor discrimination, detection threshold, and odor hedonic processing performance in individuals with bipolar I disorder (n = 43; n = 13 with psychotic features), bipolar II disorder (n = 48), major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 134), anxiety (n = 48), and no mental disorder (n = 72) who participated in a community-based family study. Methods: Best estimate DSM-IV diagnoses were based on in-depth personal interviews as well as interviews with family members. Olfactory tests were administered during an in-person clinical visit and were compared using robust linear regression adjusting for age, sex, and psychiatric medication use, as well as nicotine use when necessary. Results: Compared to controls, odor identification performance was lower among individuals with MDD (b = −1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.50, −0.24) and bipolar I disorder (b = −1.79, 95% CI: −3.51, −0.67). Among the latter group, performance was only reduced among those with psychotic features (b = −3.49, 95% CI: −6.33, −0.65), particularly for pleasant odors (b = −1.46, 95% CI: −2.51, −0.42). Those with MDD showed lower identification accuracy for neutral odors (b = −0.63, 95% CI: −1.20, −0.06). Performances on measures of odor discrimination and detection threshold did not differ by diagnostic group. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings indicate that odor identification difficulties may exist in mood disorders, especially when psychotic features are present. In contrast, the global olfactory dysfunction observed in schizophrenia may not be a feature of other neuropsychiatric conditions.
KW - anxiety disorder
KW - bipolar psychosis
KW - emotion
KW - mood disorders
KW - olfaction
KW - psychosis
KW - smell identification
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U2 - 10.1111/bdi.12625
DO - 10.1111/bdi.12625
M3 - Article
C2 - 29441710
AN - SCOPUS:85042052503
VL - 20
SP - 547
EP - 555
JO - Bipolar Disorders
JF - Bipolar Disorders
SN - 1398-5647
IS - 6
ER -