TY - JOUR
T1 - Ocular TRUST
T2 - Nationwide Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Ocular Isolates
AU - Asbell, Penny A.
AU - Colby, Kathryn A.
AU - Deng, Sophie
AU - McDonnell, Peter
AU - Meisler, David M.
AU - Raizman, Michael B.
AU - Sheppard, John D.
AU - Sahm, Daniel F.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Vistakon Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Jacksonville, Florida. Dr Asbell has served as a consultant to Inspire Pharmaceuticals and received lecture fees from Alcon Laboratories, Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Santen Pharmaceutical, Inspire Pharmaceuticals, and Vistakon Pharmaceuticals. Dr Colby has served as a consultant to Alcon Laboratories; received research funding from the New England Corneal Transplant Research Fund; and has served as a medicolegal expert for Bausch & Lomb, Inc. Dr McDonnell has served as a consultant to Alcon Laboratories, Allergan Pharmaceuticals, and Inspire Pharmaceuticals. Dr Raizman has served as a consultant to Alcon Laboratories, Allergan Pharmaceuticals, and Inspire Pharmaceuticals and has received lecture fees and research funding from Alcon Laboratories and Allergan Pharmaceuticals. Dr Sheppard has served as a consultant to Alcon Laboratories, Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Santen Pharmaceutical, Inspire Pharmaceuticals, and Bausch & Lomb, Inc; holds equity positions/stock options in OcuCure, Inc and EyeRX Research, Inc; has received lecture fees from Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Vistakon Pharmaceuticals, and Bausch & Lomb, Inc; has received research funding from Alcon Laboratories, Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Inspire Pharmaceuticals, and Bausch & Lomb, Inc; and has served as a medicolegal expert for Alcon Laboratories and Bausch & Lomb, Inc. Dr Sahm has received lecture fees from Vistakon Pharmaceuticals. The authors are members of the Ocular TRUST Steering Committee and consultants to Vistakon Pharmaceutical. Involved in design of study (D.F.S.); analysis and interpretation (P.A.A., K.A.C., S.D., P.M., D.M.M., M.B.R., J.D.S., D.F.S.); writing of the manuscript (D.F.S.); revision of the manuscript (P.M., D.M.M., D.F.S.); manuscript approval (P.A.A., K.A.C., S.D., P.M., D.M.M., M.B.R., J.D.S., D.F.S.); data collection (D.F.S.); provision of materials, patients, or resources (P.A.A.); funding (D.F.S.); administrative, technical, or logistic support (D.F.S.). No Institutional Review Board, informed consent, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance, Clinical Trials registration, or Institutional Animal Care and Use statements apply.
PY - 2008/6
Y1 - 2008/6
N2 - Purpose: Ocular Tracking Resistance in U.S. Today (TRUST) annually evaluates in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae to ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, penicillin, azithromycin, tobramycin, trimethoprim, and polymyxin B in national samples of ocular isolates. Design: Laboratory investigation. Methods: Prospectively collected ocular isolates (197 S. aureus, 49 S. pneumoniae, and 32 H. influenzae) from 35 institutions and archived ocular isolates (760 S. pneumoniae and 356 H. influenzae) from 34 institutions were tested by an independent, central laboratory. Mean minimum inhibitory concentrations that would inhibit growth of 90% of the tested isolates (MIC90) were interpreted as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant according to standardized breakpoints for systemic treatment. S. aureus isolates were classified as methicillin susceptible (MSSA) or methicillin resistant (MRSA). Results: MSSA or MRSA susceptibility patterns were virtually identical for the fluoroquinolones, that is, MSSA susceptibility was 79.9% to 81.1% and MRSA susceptibility was 15.2%. Trimethoprim was the only agent tested with high activity against MRSA. All S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin; 89.8% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. H. influenzae isolates were 100% susceptible to all tested agents but trimethoprim. Ocular TRUST 1 data were consistent with the eight-year longitudinal sample of archived ocular isolates. Conclusions: The fluoroquinolones were consistently active in MSSA, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae. After more than a decade of intensive ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin use as systemic therapy, 100% of ocular S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin; nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin was less than 15%. High-level in vitro MRSA resistance suggests the need to consider alternative therapy to fluoroquinolones when MRSA is a likely pathogen.
AB - Purpose: Ocular Tracking Resistance in U.S. Today (TRUST) annually evaluates in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae to ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, penicillin, azithromycin, tobramycin, trimethoprim, and polymyxin B in national samples of ocular isolates. Design: Laboratory investigation. Methods: Prospectively collected ocular isolates (197 S. aureus, 49 S. pneumoniae, and 32 H. influenzae) from 35 institutions and archived ocular isolates (760 S. pneumoniae and 356 H. influenzae) from 34 institutions were tested by an independent, central laboratory. Mean minimum inhibitory concentrations that would inhibit growth of 90% of the tested isolates (MIC90) were interpreted as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant according to standardized breakpoints for systemic treatment. S. aureus isolates were classified as methicillin susceptible (MSSA) or methicillin resistant (MRSA). Results: MSSA or MRSA susceptibility patterns were virtually identical for the fluoroquinolones, that is, MSSA susceptibility was 79.9% to 81.1% and MRSA susceptibility was 15.2%. Trimethoprim was the only agent tested with high activity against MRSA. All S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin; 89.8% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. H. influenzae isolates were 100% susceptible to all tested agents but trimethoprim. Ocular TRUST 1 data were consistent with the eight-year longitudinal sample of archived ocular isolates. Conclusions: The fluoroquinolones were consistently active in MSSA, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae. After more than a decade of intensive ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin use as systemic therapy, 100% of ocular S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin; nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin was less than 15%. High-level in vitro MRSA resistance suggests the need to consider alternative therapy to fluoroquinolones when MRSA is a likely pathogen.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.01.025
DO - 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.01.025
M3 - Article
C2 - 18374299
AN - SCOPUS:43949112605
SN - 0002-9394
VL - 145
SP - 951-958.e1
JO - American journal of ophthalmology
JF - American journal of ophthalmology
IS - 6
ER -