TY - JOUR
T1 - Nutrient intakes of different social-class groups
T2 - Results from the scottish heart health study (shhs)
AU - Bolton-Smith, B.
AU - Smith, W. C.S.
AU - Woodward, M.
AU - Tunstall-Pedoe, H.
N1 - Funding Information:
The Scottish Home and Health Department provided funding for the SHHS, and C. B.-S. is funded by the British Heart Foundation. Sincere thanks go to the Medical Research Council, Cardiff Group for their provision of, and assistance with the setting-up of the food-frequency questionnaire and analysis programme, and to Mr Colin Brown for computing and data management. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone.
PY - 1991/5
Y1 - 1991/5
N2 - Food frequency questionnaire and socio-demographic data were collected from over 10000 Scottish men and women aged 40-59 years in a cross-sectional study of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Dietary intake, including the antioxidant vitamins C and E and β-carotene was assessed for different socio-economic groups. Trends in nutrient intakes were found with social-class (occupational) groups I-V. The non-manual-manual distinctions were clear even after standardizing for serum cotinine, and alternative classification by housing tenure and level of education did not confound the socβial-class effect. Total energy intake was significantly higher in the manual (men 10363 KJ, women 7507 KJ) than in the non-manual (men 9156 KJ, -,omen 7169 KJ) groups, and all nutrient amounts except for vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and fibic were significantly higher in the manual than the non-manual groups. Alcohol intake was lower in manual women, but higher in manual men compared with their respective non-manual groups. Sex and social-class differences were maintained after adjusting for total energy. Women in general, and manual women in particular, had the highest percentage energy from total fat (401) and saturated fat (18-2),while the percentage energy from polyunsaturated fat was lower in men than women, and lowest in manual men (4.4). The polyunsaturated:saturated fat (P:S) ratios were, for non-manual and manual men 0.32 and 0.31, and for non-manual and manual women 0.31 and 0.28. Fibre and antioxidant vitamin intakes, when expressed as nutrient densities, were lower in men than women, and lowest in manual men. Overall, men and women in manual occupations had a poorer-quality diet than did those in non-manual occupations. The coincident low P:s ratios and low antioxidant vitamin intakes in manual groups may contribute to an increased risk of CHD. Thus, the findings are compatible with the view that poor diet may be a contributory factor to the higher mortality rates for CHD which occur in the lower socio-economic groups.
AB - Food frequency questionnaire and socio-demographic data were collected from over 10000 Scottish men and women aged 40-59 years in a cross-sectional study of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors. Dietary intake, including the antioxidant vitamins C and E and β-carotene was assessed for different socio-economic groups. Trends in nutrient intakes were found with social-class (occupational) groups I-V. The non-manual-manual distinctions were clear even after standardizing for serum cotinine, and alternative classification by housing tenure and level of education did not confound the socβial-class effect. Total energy intake was significantly higher in the manual (men 10363 KJ, women 7507 KJ) than in the non-manual (men 9156 KJ, -,omen 7169 KJ) groups, and all nutrient amounts except for vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and fibic were significantly higher in the manual than the non-manual groups. Alcohol intake was lower in manual women, but higher in manual men compared with their respective non-manual groups. Sex and social-class differences were maintained after adjusting for total energy. Women in general, and manual women in particular, had the highest percentage energy from total fat (401) and saturated fat (18-2),while the percentage energy from polyunsaturated fat was lower in men than women, and lowest in manual men (4.4). The polyunsaturated:saturated fat (P:S) ratios were, for non-manual and manual men 0.32 and 0.31, and for non-manual and manual women 0.31 and 0.28. Fibre and antioxidant vitamin intakes, when expressed as nutrient densities, were lower in men than women, and lowest in manual men. Overall, men and women in manual occupations had a poorer-quality diet than did those in non-manual occupations. The coincident low P:s ratios and low antioxidant vitamin intakes in manual groups may contribute to an increased risk of CHD. Thus, the findings are compatible with the view that poor diet may be a contributory factor to the higher mortality rates for CHD which occur in the lower socio-economic groups.
KW - CHD risk
KW - Nutrient intake
KW - Social class
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U2 - 10.1079/BJN19910093
DO - 10.1079/BJN19910093
M3 - Article
C2 - 1878352
AN - SCOPUS:0025878763
SN - 0007-1145
VL - 65
SP - 321
EP - 335
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
IS - 3
ER -