TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel functions for insulin in bone
AU - Fulzele, Keertik
AU - Clemens, Thomas L.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Elaine P. Henze, BJ, ELS, Medical Editor and Director, Editorial Services, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, for editorial assistance with the manuscript. This work was supported in part by a Merit Review Grant from the Veterans Administration . Dr. Clemens is a recipient of a Career Scientist Award from the Veterans Administration.
PY - 2012/2
Y1 - 2012/2
N2 - The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) evolved in lower animals to enable a wide range of physiologic processes, including smell, food consumption, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and dormancy. These functions were accomplished by the actions of multiple related ligands that activated a common transmembrane receptor protein. In higher organisms, including mammals, the insulin and IGF ligands and their receptors evolved to function in a more circumscribed fashion. The contemporary model assigns IGFs as central regulators of cell proliferation, survival, and organism growth, whereas insulin's action dominates at the level of regulation of fuel accumulation, storage, and energy expenditure. Such a simplistic paradigm, however, obscures the fact that insulin and IGF-1 continue to exert overlapping roles in several physiologic processes. Indeed, recent studies have identified previously unappreciated skeletal actions of insulin, which suggests that insulin-responsive bone cells participate in the regulation of global energy homeostasis. These findings raise intriguing questions on the nature of the fuel sensing and processing mechanisms in bone and their relative importance to overall energy homeostasis in mammals. Answers to these questions should ultimately improve the ability to diagnose and manage patients with metabolic diseases such as diabetes and osteoporosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interactions Between Bone, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism.
AB - The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) evolved in lower animals to enable a wide range of physiologic processes, including smell, food consumption, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and dormancy. These functions were accomplished by the actions of multiple related ligands that activated a common transmembrane receptor protein. In higher organisms, including mammals, the insulin and IGF ligands and their receptors evolved to function in a more circumscribed fashion. The contemporary model assigns IGFs as central regulators of cell proliferation, survival, and organism growth, whereas insulin's action dominates at the level of regulation of fuel accumulation, storage, and energy expenditure. Such a simplistic paradigm, however, obscures the fact that insulin and IGF-1 continue to exert overlapping roles in several physiologic processes. Indeed, recent studies have identified previously unappreciated skeletal actions of insulin, which suggests that insulin-responsive bone cells participate in the regulation of global energy homeostasis. These findings raise intriguing questions on the nature of the fuel sensing and processing mechanisms in bone and their relative importance to overall energy homeostasis in mammals. Answers to these questions should ultimately improve the ability to diagnose and manage patients with metabolic diseases such as diabetes and osteoporosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Interactions Between Bone, Adipose Tissue and Metabolism.
KW - Glucose homeostasis
KW - Insulin receptor
KW - Knockout mice
KW - Osteoblasts
KW - Osteocalcin
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.018
DO - 10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.018
M3 - Review article
C2 - 21723973
AN - SCOPUS:84855864159
SN - 8756-3282
VL - 50
SP - 452
EP - 456
JO - Bone
JF - Bone
IS - 2
ER -