TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-analgesic effects of opioids
T2 - Factors relevant to opioid abuse and abuse- deterrent formulations
AU - Pergolizzi, Joseph V.
AU - Raffa, Robert B.
AU - Pergolizzi, Jason S.
AU - Taylor, Robert
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Abuse-deterrent opioid formulations are receiving renewed interest in light of the increasing legitimate medical use of prescription opioids for the adequate treatment of pain. Unfortunately, there is an inevitable associated potential for misuse, diversion, and abuse. The challenges of deterrence are significant: opioid abusers are a heterogeneous population; studies on drug "liking" and opioid "attractiveness" are informative, but mainly rely on reports from users who are not reliable respondents; drug "liking" scores are useful, but it is unclear how much drug "liking" must be reduced in order to achieve an actual reduction in abuse levels; and the most popular drugs among opioid abusers appear to be those that meet a complex combination of both positive and negative criteria including things like availability, pricing, and how easily the drug's illicit use can be concealed. Several abuse-deterrent formulations have been introduced or are in development. Epidemiological studies will have to be conducted to evaluate their effectiveness. Although there are currently more questions than answers, such products are clearly of medical and societal importance.
AB - Abuse-deterrent opioid formulations are receiving renewed interest in light of the increasing legitimate medical use of prescription opioids for the adequate treatment of pain. Unfortunately, there is an inevitable associated potential for misuse, diversion, and abuse. The challenges of deterrence are significant: opioid abusers are a heterogeneous population; studies on drug "liking" and opioid "attractiveness" are informative, but mainly rely on reports from users who are not reliable respondents; drug "liking" scores are useful, but it is unclear how much drug "liking" must be reduced in order to achieve an actual reduction in abuse levels; and the most popular drugs among opioid abusers appear to be those that meet a complex combination of both positive and negative criteria including things like availability, pricing, and how easily the drug's illicit use can be concealed. Several abuse-deterrent formulations have been introduced or are in development. Epidemiological studies will have to be conducted to evaluate their effectiveness. Although there are currently more questions than answers, such products are clearly of medical and societal importance.
KW - Abuse-deterrent opioids
KW - Abuse-resistant opioids
KW - Opioid abuse
KW - Opioid misuse
KW - Opioids
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U2 - 10.2174/138161212803582379
DO - 10.2174/138161212803582379
M3 - Article
C2 - 22747546
AN - SCOPUS:84873943043
SN - 1381-6128
VL - 18
SP - 6109
EP - 6115
JO - Current Pharmaceutical Design
JF - Current Pharmaceutical Design
IS - 37
ER -