TY - JOUR
T1 - Nomograms for two-dimensional echocardiography derived valvular and arterial dimensions in Caucasian children
AU - Cantinotti, Massimiliano
AU - Giordano, Raffaele
AU - Scalese, Marco
AU - Murzi, Bruno
AU - Assanta, Nadia
AU - Spadoni, Isabella
AU - Maura, Crocetti
AU - Marco, Marotta
AU - Molinaro, Sabrina
AU - Kutty, Shelby
AU - Iervasi, Giorgio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Japanese College of Cardiology
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - Background Despite recent advances, current pediatric echocardiographic nomograms for valvular and arterial dimensions remain limited. Methods We prospectively studied healthy Caucasian Italian children by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. Echocardiographic measurements for 18 valvular and arterial dimensions were performed and models were generated testing for linear, logarithmic, exponential, and square root relationships. Heteroscedasticity was accounted for by White or Breusch–Pagan test. Age, weight, height, heart rate, and body surface area (BSA) were used as independent variables in different analyses to predict the mean values of each measurement. Structured Z-scores were then computed. Results In all, 1151 subjects (age 0 days to 17 years; 45% females; BSA 0.12–2.12 m2) were studied. The Haycock formula was used when presenting data as predicted values (mean ± 2 SDs) for a given BSA and within equations relating echocardiographic measurements to BSA. The predicted values and Z-score boundaries for all measurements are presented. Conclusions We report echocardiographic nomograms for valvular and arterial dimensions derived from a large population of children. Integration of these data with those of previous reports would allow for a comprehensive coverage of pediatric 2D echocardiographic nomograms for measurement of 2D cardiac structures.
AB - Background Despite recent advances, current pediatric echocardiographic nomograms for valvular and arterial dimensions remain limited. Methods We prospectively studied healthy Caucasian Italian children by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. Echocardiographic measurements for 18 valvular and arterial dimensions were performed and models were generated testing for linear, logarithmic, exponential, and square root relationships. Heteroscedasticity was accounted for by White or Breusch–Pagan test. Age, weight, height, heart rate, and body surface area (BSA) were used as independent variables in different analyses to predict the mean values of each measurement. Structured Z-scores were then computed. Results In all, 1151 subjects (age 0 days to 17 years; 45% females; BSA 0.12–2.12 m2) were studied. The Haycock formula was used when presenting data as predicted values (mean ± 2 SDs) for a given BSA and within equations relating echocardiographic measurements to BSA. The predicted values and Z-score boundaries for all measurements are presented. Conclusions We report echocardiographic nomograms for valvular and arterial dimensions derived from a large population of children. Integration of these data with those of previous reports would allow for a comprehensive coverage of pediatric 2D echocardiographic nomograms for measurement of 2D cardiac structures.
KW - Children
KW - Echocardiography
KW - Nomograms
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.03.010
DO - 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.03.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 27118699
AN - SCOPUS:84964345850
SN - 0914-5087
VL - 69
SP - 208
EP - 215
JO - Journal of Cardiology
JF - Journal of Cardiology
IS - 1
ER -