TY - JOUR
T1 - Nitrogen dioxide exposures from biomass cookstoves in the Peruvian Andes
AU - Kephart, Josiah L.
AU - Fandiño-Del-Rio, Magdalena
AU - Williams, Kendra N.
AU - Malpartida, Gary
AU - Steenland, Kyle
AU - Naeher, Luke P.
AU - Gonzales, Gustavo F.
AU - Chiang, Marilú
AU - Checkley, William
AU - Koehler, Kirsten
AU - Rosenthal, Joshua
AU - Aguilar, Theresa
AU - Burrowes, Vanessa
AU - Fung, Elizabeth C.
AU - Goodman, Dina
AU - Harvey, Steven A.
AU - Herrera, Phabiola
AU - Lee, Alexander
AU - Lee, Kathryn A.
AU - Miele, Catherine H.
AU - Moazzami, Mitra
AU - Moulton, Lawrence Hale
AU - Nangia, Saachi
AU - O’Brien, Carolyn
AU - Simkovich, Suzanne
AU - Shade, Timothy
AU - Stashko, Lena
AU - Villegas-Gomez, Ariadne
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support for the CHAP trial was received from the Global Environmental and Occupational Health, Fogarty International Center, United States National Institutes of Health (1U2RTW010114-01); the Clean Cooking Alliance of the United Nations Foundation (UNF 16-80), and the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health. The Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training field site in Puno, Peru, also received generous support from Mr William and Bonnie Clarke III. JLK and KNW were supported by the NIH Fogarty International Center, NINDS, NIMH, NHBLI, and NIEHS under NIH Research Training Grant # D43 TW009340 and the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health. JLK was also supported by the Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional National Research Service Award (5T32ES007141-33) funded by the NIH/NIEHS. KNW was also supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number T32HL007534. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
PY - 2020/7/1
Y1 - 2020/7/1
N2 - Background: Household air pollution from biomass cookstoves is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, yet little is known about exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Objective: To characterize NO2 kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures among women with biomass cookstoves in the Peruvian Andes. Methods: We measured kitchen area NO2 concentrations at high-temporal resolution in 100 homes in the Peruvian Andes. We assessed personal exposure to NO2 in a subsample of 22 women using passive samplers. Results: Among 97 participants, the geometric mean (GM) highest hourly average NO2 concentration was 723 ppb (geometric standard deviation (GSD) 2.6) and the GM 24-hour average concentration was 96 ppb (GSD 2.6), 4.4 and 2.9 times greater than WHO indoor hourly (163 ppb) and annual (33 ppb) guidelines, respectively. Compared to the direct-reading instruments, we found similar kitchen area concentrations with 48-hour passive sampler measurements (GM 108 ppb, GSD 3.8). Twenty-seven percent of women had 48-hour mean personal exposures above WHO annual guidelines (GM 18 ppb, GSD 2.3). In univariate analyses, we found that roof, wall, and floor type, as well as higher SES, was associated with lower 24-hour kitchen area NO2 concentrations. Practical Implications: Kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures to NO2 from biomass cookstoves in the Peruvian Andes far exceed WHO guidelines. More research is warranted to understand the role of this understudied household air pollutant on morbidity and mortality and to inform cleaner-cooking interventions for public health.
AB - Background: Household air pollution from biomass cookstoves is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, yet little is known about exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Objective: To characterize NO2 kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures among women with biomass cookstoves in the Peruvian Andes. Methods: We measured kitchen area NO2 concentrations at high-temporal resolution in 100 homes in the Peruvian Andes. We assessed personal exposure to NO2 in a subsample of 22 women using passive samplers. Results: Among 97 participants, the geometric mean (GM) highest hourly average NO2 concentration was 723 ppb (geometric standard deviation (GSD) 2.6) and the GM 24-hour average concentration was 96 ppb (GSD 2.6), 4.4 and 2.9 times greater than WHO indoor hourly (163 ppb) and annual (33 ppb) guidelines, respectively. Compared to the direct-reading instruments, we found similar kitchen area concentrations with 48-hour passive sampler measurements (GM 108 ppb, GSD 3.8). Twenty-seven percent of women had 48-hour mean personal exposures above WHO annual guidelines (GM 18 ppb, GSD 2.3). In univariate analyses, we found that roof, wall, and floor type, as well as higher SES, was associated with lower 24-hour kitchen area NO2 concentrations. Practical Implications: Kitchen area concentrations and personal exposures to NO2 from biomass cookstoves in the Peruvian Andes far exceed WHO guidelines. More research is warranted to understand the role of this understudied household air pollutant on morbidity and mortality and to inform cleaner-cooking interventions for public health.
KW - biomass cookstove
KW - environmental justice
KW - household air pollution
KW - indoor air pollution
KW - nitrogen dioxide
KW - women's health
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U2 - 10.1111/ina.12653
DO - 10.1111/ina.12653
M3 - Article
C2 - 32064681
AN - SCOPUS:85080913506
SN - 0905-6947
VL - 30
SP - 735
EP - 744
JO - Indoor Air
JF - Indoor Air
IS - 4
ER -