New York Heart Association functional class predicts exercise parameters in the current era

Background: The New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class is a subjective estimate of a patient's functional ability based on symptoms that do not always correlate with the objective estimate of functional capacity, peak oxygen consumption (peak Vo₂). In addition, relationships between these 2 measurements have not been examined in the current medical era when patients are using β-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Using baseline data from the HF-ACTION (Heart Failure and A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise TraiNing) study, we examined this relationship. Methods: One thousand seven hundred fifty-eight patients underwent a symptom-limited metabolic stress test and stopped exercise due to dyspnea or fatigue. The relationship between NYHA functional class and peak Vo₂ was examined. In addition, the effects of β-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and CRT therapy on these relationships were compared. Results: The NYHA II patients have a significantly higher peak Vo₂ (16.1 ± 4.6 vs 13.0 ± 4.2 mL/kg per minute), a lower ventilation (Ve)/Vco₂ slope (32.8 ± 7.7 vs 36.8 ± 10.4), and a longer duration of exercise (11.0 ± 3.9 vs 8.0 ± 3.4 minutes) than NYHA III/IV patients. Within each functional class, there was no difference in any of the exercise parameters between patients on or off of β-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, or CRT therapy. Finally, with increasing age, a significant difference in peak Vo₂, Ve/Vco₂ slope, and exercise time was found. Conclusion: For patients being treated with current medical therapy, there still is a difference in true functional capacity between NYHA functional class II and III/IV patients. However, within each NYHA functional class, the presence or absence or contemporary heart failure therapies does not alter exercise parameters.