New technologies and therapies for cardiac arrhythmias

Catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmia has evolved to an important treatment modality for patients with various cardiac rhythm abnormalities. Over the past three decades, the understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms and technology for catheter based diagnostic and ablation procedures have evolved rapidly. New technologies and therapies for treatment of cardiac arrhythmia include ablation catheters designed to destroy targeted tissue with improved precision and safety, robotic systems to guide accurate catheter movements, electrical mapping systems, and improved imaging to complement such systems. This review focuses on improved imaging modalities used in the modern electrophysiology laboratory.