TY - JOUR
T1 - New Subtype B Containing HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant of sub-Saharan Africa Origin in Nigerian Men Who Have Sex With Men
AU - for the MHRP Viral Sequencing Core and the TRUST/RV368 Study Group
AU - Billings, Erik
AU - Kijak, Gustavo H.
AU - Sanders-Buell, Eric
AU - Ndembi, Nicaise
AU - O'Sullivan, Anne Marie
AU - Adebajo, Sylvia
AU - Kokogho, Afoke
AU - Milazzo, Mark
AU - Lombardi, Kara
AU - Baral, Stefan
AU - Nowak, Rebecca
AU - Ramadhani, Habib
AU - Gramzinski, Robert
AU - Robb, Merlin L.
AU - Michael, Nelson L.
AU - Charurat, Manhattan E.
AU - Ake, Julie
AU - Crowell, Trevor A.
AU - Tovanabutra, Sodsai
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by a cooperative agreement between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., and the U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH-11-2-0174]; the National Institutes of Health [R01 MH099001, R01 AI120913, R01 MH110358]; Fogarty Epidemiology Research Training for Public Health Impact in Nigeria program [D43TW010051]; and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through a cooperative agreement between the Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, and the Institute for Human Virology-Nigeria [NU2GGH002099].
Funding Information:
Supported by a cooperative agreement between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., and the U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH-11-2-0174]; the National Institutes of Health [R01 MH099001, R01 AI120913, R01 MH110358]; Fogarty Epidemiology Research Training for Public Health Impact in Nigeria program [D43TW010051]; and the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through a cooperative agreement between the Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, and the Institute for Human Virology- Nigeria [NU2GGH002099].
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/8/15
Y1 - 2019/8/15
N2 - Background: HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRF) containing subtype B are uncommon in sub-Saharan Africa. Prevalent infections observed during enrollment of a prospective study of men who have sex with men (MSM) from Lagos, Nigeria, revealed the presence of a family of subtype B and CRF02-AG recombinants. This report describes the HIV-1 genetic diversity within a high-risk, high-prevalence, and previously undersampled cohort of Nigerian MSM. Methods: Between 2013 and 2016, 672 MSM were enrolled at the Lagos site of the TRUST/RV368 study. Prevalent HIV-1 infections were initially characterized by pol sequencing and phylogenetic subtyping analysis. Samples demonstrating the presence of subtype B were further characterized by near full-length sequencing, phylogenetic, and Bayesian analyses. Results: Within this cohort, HIV-1 prevalence was 59%. The major subtype was CRF02-AG (57%), followed by CRF02/B recombinants (15%), subtype G (13%), and smaller amounts of A1, B, and other recombinants. Nine clusters of closely related pol sequences indicate ongoing transmission events within this cohort. Among the CRF02-AG/B, a new CRF was identified and termed CRF95-02B. Shared risk factors and Bayesian phylogenetic inference of the new CRF95-02B and the similarly structured CRF56-cpx indicate a Nigerian or West African origin of CRF56-cpx before its observation in France. Conclusion: With high HIV-1 prevalence, new strains, and multiple transmission networks, this cohort of Nigerian MSM represents a previously hidden reservoir of HIV-1 strains, including the newly identified CRF95-02B and closely related CRF56-cpx. These strains will need to be considered during vaccine selection and development to optimize the design of a globally effective HIV-1 vaccine.
AB - Background: HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRF) containing subtype B are uncommon in sub-Saharan Africa. Prevalent infections observed during enrollment of a prospective study of men who have sex with men (MSM) from Lagos, Nigeria, revealed the presence of a family of subtype B and CRF02-AG recombinants. This report describes the HIV-1 genetic diversity within a high-risk, high-prevalence, and previously undersampled cohort of Nigerian MSM. Methods: Between 2013 and 2016, 672 MSM were enrolled at the Lagos site of the TRUST/RV368 study. Prevalent HIV-1 infections were initially characterized by pol sequencing and phylogenetic subtyping analysis. Samples demonstrating the presence of subtype B were further characterized by near full-length sequencing, phylogenetic, and Bayesian analyses. Results: Within this cohort, HIV-1 prevalence was 59%. The major subtype was CRF02-AG (57%), followed by CRF02/B recombinants (15%), subtype G (13%), and smaller amounts of A1, B, and other recombinants. Nine clusters of closely related pol sequences indicate ongoing transmission events within this cohort. Among the CRF02-AG/B, a new CRF was identified and termed CRF95-02B. Shared risk factors and Bayesian phylogenetic inference of the new CRF95-02B and the similarly structured CRF56-cpx indicate a Nigerian or West African origin of CRF56-cpx before its observation in France. Conclusion: With high HIV-1 prevalence, new strains, and multiple transmission networks, this cohort of Nigerian MSM represents a previously hidden reservoir of HIV-1 strains, including the newly identified CRF95-02B and closely related CRF56-cpx. These strains will need to be considered during vaccine selection and development to optimize the design of a globally effective HIV-1 vaccine.
KW - CRF
KW - MSM
KW - Nigeria
KW - molecular epidemiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069800232&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069800232&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002076
DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002076
M3 - Article
C2 - 31107298
AN - SCOPUS:85069800232
SN - 1525-4135
VL - 81
SP - 578
EP - 584
JO - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
JF - Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
IS - 5
ER -