TY - JOUR
T1 - New insights on the pathogenesis of invasive Cryptococcus neoformans infection
AU - Eisenman, Helene C.
AU - Casadevall, Arturo
AU - McClelland, Erin E.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2007/11
Y1 - 2007/11
N2 - Disseminated cryptococcosis begins with infection of the lungs via inhalation. This is followed by escape from the lungs and entry into the bloodstream allowing dissemination to the brain and central nervous system. We discuss the steps involved in dissemination and the host and microbial factors that influence each step. For the host, containment in the lung is accomplished with a combination of cell-mediated and antibody responses. Dissemination occurs when these systems fail and/or when phagocytic cells that fail to kill the yeast instead act as a niche for replication. One of the main microbial factors affecting dissemination is the polysaccharide capsule, a major virulence factor that promotes dissemination at every step. Secreted enzymes are important, including laccase and phospholipase B, which promote escape from the lungs, and urease, which contributes to crossing the blood-brain barrier. Lastly, a number of regulatory factors contribute, especially to growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in the brain.
AB - Disseminated cryptococcosis begins with infection of the lungs via inhalation. This is followed by escape from the lungs and entry into the bloodstream allowing dissemination to the brain and central nervous system. We discuss the steps involved in dissemination and the host and microbial factors that influence each step. For the host, containment in the lung is accomplished with a combination of cell-mediated and antibody responses. Dissemination occurs when these systems fail and/or when phagocytic cells that fail to kill the yeast instead act as a niche for replication. One of the main microbial factors affecting dissemination is the polysaccharide capsule, a major virulence factor that promotes dissemination at every step. Secreted enzymes are important, including laccase and phospholipase B, which promote escape from the lungs, and urease, which contributes to crossing the blood-brain barrier. Lastly, a number of regulatory factors contribute, especially to growth of Cryptococcus neoformans in the brain.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=36049043712&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=36049043712&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11908-007-0070-8
DO - 10.1007/s11908-007-0070-8
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17999881
AN - SCOPUS:36049043712
SN - 1523-3847
VL - 9
SP - 457
EP - 464
JO - Current Infectious Disease Reports
JF - Current Infectious Disease Reports
IS - 6
ER -