TY - JOUR
T1 - New development of biomarkers for gastrointestinal cancers
T2 - From neoplastic cells to tumor microenvironment
AU - Zhang, Jiajia
AU - Quadri, Shafat
AU - Wolfgang, Christopher L.
AU - Zheng, Lei
N1 - Funding Information:
This study is partially funded by NIH grants R01 CA169702 (L.Z.); R01 CA197296 (L.Z.); NIH grant K23 CA148964 (L.Z.); the Commonwealth Foundation (L.Z.), the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy(L.Z., J.Z.), the Viragh Foundation and the Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins (L.Z.); the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center (L.Z.); the Zhang Family Gift Fund (L.Z.); National Cancer Institute Specialized Programs of Research Excellence in Gastrointestinal Cancers grant P50 CA062924 (L.Z.); Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center grant P30CA006973 (L.Z., C.L.W.)
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors.
PY - 2018/8
Y1 - 2018/8
N2 - Biomarkers refer to a plethora of biological characteristics that can be quantified to facilitate cancer diagnosis, forecast the prognosis of disease, and predict a response to treatment. The identification of objective biomarkers is among the most crucial steps in the realization of individualized cancer care. Several tumor biomarkers for gastrointestinal malignancies have been applied in the clinical setting to help differentiate between cancer and other conditions, facilitate patient selection for targeted therapies, and to monitor treatment response and recurrence. With the coming of the immunotherapy age, the need for a new development of biomarkers that are indicative of the immune response to tumors are unprecedentedly urgent. Biomarkers from the tumor microenvironment, tumor genome, and signatures from liquid biopsies have been explored, but the majority have shown a limited prognostic or predictive value as single biomarkers. Nevertheless, use of multiplex biomarkers has the potential to provide a significantly increased diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional single biomarker. A comprehensive analysis of immune-biomarkers is needed to reveal the dynamic and multifaceted anti-tumor immunity and thus imply for the rational design of assays and combinational strategies.
AB - Biomarkers refer to a plethora of biological characteristics that can be quantified to facilitate cancer diagnosis, forecast the prognosis of disease, and predict a response to treatment. The identification of objective biomarkers is among the most crucial steps in the realization of individualized cancer care. Several tumor biomarkers for gastrointestinal malignancies have been applied in the clinical setting to help differentiate between cancer and other conditions, facilitate patient selection for targeted therapies, and to monitor treatment response and recurrence. With the coming of the immunotherapy age, the need for a new development of biomarkers that are indicative of the immune response to tumors are unprecedentedly urgent. Biomarkers from the tumor microenvironment, tumor genome, and signatures from liquid biopsies have been explored, but the majority have shown a limited prognostic or predictive value as single biomarkers. Nevertheless, use of multiplex biomarkers has the potential to provide a significantly increased diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional single biomarker. A comprehensive analysis of immune-biomarkers is needed to reveal the dynamic and multifaceted anti-tumor immunity and thus imply for the rational design of assays and combinational strategies.
KW - Biomarker
KW - Gastrointestinal malignancies
KW - Immunotherapy
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U2 - 10.3390/biomedicines6030087
DO - 10.3390/biomedicines6030087
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30104497
AN - SCOPUS:85054497267
SN - 2227-9059
VL - 6
JO - Biomedicines
JF - Biomedicines
IS - 3
M1 - 87
ER -