Neuropsychiatric Phenotypes Produced by GABA Reduction in Mouse Cortex and Hippocampus

Stefan M. Kolata, Kazuhito Nakao, Vivek Jeevakumar, Emily L. Farmer-Alroth, Yuko Fujita, Aundrea F. Bartley, Sunny Zhihong Jiang, Gregory R. Rompala, Robert E. Sorge, Dennisse V. Jimenez, Keri Martinowich, Yolanda Mateo, Kenji Hashimoto, Lynn E. Dobrunz, Kazu Nakazawa

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

21 Scopus citations

Abstract

Whereas cortical GAD67 reduction and subsequent GABA level decrease are consistently observed in schizophrenia and depression, it remains unclear how these GABAergic abnormalities contribute to specific symptoms. We modeled cortical GAD67 reduction in mice, in which the Gad1 gene is genetically ablated from ~50% of cortical and hippocampal interneurons. Mutant mice showed a reduction of tissue GABA in the hippocampus and cortex including mPFC, and exhibited a cluster of effort-based behavior deficits including decreased home-cage wheel running and increased immobility in both tail suspension and forced swim tests. Since saccharine preference, progressive ratio responding to food, and learned helplessness task were normal, such avolition-like behavior could not be explained by anhedonia or behavioral despair. In line with the prevailing view that dopamine in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a role in evaluating effort cost for engaging in actions, we found that tail-suspension triggered dopamine release in ACC of controls, which was severely attenuated in the mutant mice. Conversely, ACC dopamine release by progressive ratio responding to reward, during which animals were allowed to effortlessly perform the nose-poking, was not affected in mutants. These results suggest that cortical GABA reduction preferentially impairs the effort-based behavior which requires much effort with little benefit, through a deficit of ACC dopamine release triggered by high-effort cost behavior, but not by reward-seeking behavior. Collectively, a subset of negative symptoms with a reduced willingness to expend costly effort, often observed in patients with schizophrenia and depression, may be attributed to cortical GABA level reduction.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1445-1456
Number of pages12
JournalNeuropsychopharmacology
Volume43
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - May 1 2018

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry and Mental health

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