@article{c4c04d8345504dc0bd7aa5d0253122a3,
title = "Neurometabolic and functional connectivity basis of prosocial behavior in early adolescence",
abstract = "Human prosocial behavior (PB) emerges in childhood and matures during adolescence. Previous task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in social cognition in adolescence. However, neurometabolic and functional connectivity (FC) basis of PB in early adolescence remains unclear. Here, we measured GABA levels in the ACC and FC in a subsample (aged 10.5–13.4 years) of a large-scale population-based cohort with MR spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) and resting-state fMRI. PB was negatively correlated with GABA levels in the ACC (N = 221), and positively correlated with right ACC-seeded FC with the right precentral gyrus and the bilateral middle and posterior cingulate gyrus (N = 187). Furthermore, GABA concentrations and this FC were negatively correlated, and the FC mediated the association between GABA levels and PB (N = 171). Our results from a minimally biased, large-scale sample provide new insights into the neurometabolic and neurofunctional correlates of prosocial development during early adolescence.",
author = "Naohiro Okada and Noriaki Yahata and Daisuke Koshiyama and Kentaro Morita and Kingo Sawada and Sho Kanata and Shinya Fujikawa and Noriko Sugimoto and Rie Toriyama and Mio Masaoka and Shinsuke Koike and Tsuyoshi Araki and Yukiko Kano and Kaori Endo and Syudo Yamasaki and Shuntaro Ando and Atsushi Nishida and Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa and Edden, {Richard A.E.} and Barker, {Peter B.} and Akira Sawa and Kiyoto Kasai",
note = "Funding Information: The current work is a part of Tokyo Teen Cohort Study, and the authors would like to thank all researchers, investigators, and participants for substantial support in sample collection and management. The current work was supported by MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Advanced Bioimaging Support), grant number 16H06280 (K.K.), MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Adolescent Mind & Self-Regulation), grant numbers 23118001 (K.K.), 23118002 (A.N. and M.H-H.), and 23118004 (K.K.), MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Personalized Value Development through Adolescence), grant numbers 16H01689 (K.K.), 16H06395 (K.K.), 16H06398 (A.N. and M.H-H.), 16H06399 (K.K.), and 16K21720 (K.K.), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), grant numbers JP18dm0307001 (K.K.) and JP18dm0307004 (K.K.), and the National Institute of Health, grant numbers MH-094268 Silvio O. Conte Center (A.S.), MH-092443 (A.S.) and MH-105660 (A.S.). The current work was also partially supported by the “Brain Mapping by Integrated Neurotechnologies for Disease Studies” (Brain/MINDS), the “Development of BMI Technologies for Clinical Application”, part of the Strategic Research Program for Brain Science from AMED, UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), and the International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at the University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s).",
year = "2019",
month = dec,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-018-38355-z",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}