TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome/Malignant Catatonia in Child Psychiatry
T2 - Literature Review and a Case Series
AU - Ghaziuddin, Neera
AU - Hendriks, Melissa
AU - Patel, Paresh
AU - Wachtel, Lee E.
AU - Dhossche, Dirk M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.
PY - 2017/5/1
Y1 - 2017/5/1
N2 - Objective: To describe the presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and malignant catatonia (MC) in children and adolescents. Background: NMS and MC are life-Threatening, neuropsychiatric syndromes, associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. NMS is diagnosed when there is a recent history of treatment with an antipsychotic (AP) medication, while MC is diagnosed when the symptoms resemble NMS but without a history of exposure to an AP agent. Some authorities believe that apart from the history of exposure to an AP medication, the two conditions are identical. The symptoms of NMS/MC include severe agitation, behavior disregulation, motor and speech changes, self-injury and aggression, autonomic instability, and a range of psychiatric symptoms (affective, anxiety, or psychotic symptoms). Patients may be misdiagnosed with another disorder leading to extensive tests and a delay in treatment. Untreated, the condition may be fatal in 10%-20% of patients, with death sometimes occurring within days of disease onset. Method: We describe the presentation and management of five children and adolescents with NMS/MC. Conclusion: MC and NMS are life-Threatening medical emergencies, which if diagnosed promptly, can be successfully treated with known effective treatments (benzodiazepines and/or electroconvulsive therapy).
AB - Objective: To describe the presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and malignant catatonia (MC) in children and adolescents. Background: NMS and MC are life-Threatening, neuropsychiatric syndromes, associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. NMS is diagnosed when there is a recent history of treatment with an antipsychotic (AP) medication, while MC is diagnosed when the symptoms resemble NMS but without a history of exposure to an AP agent. Some authorities believe that apart from the history of exposure to an AP medication, the two conditions are identical. The symptoms of NMS/MC include severe agitation, behavior disregulation, motor and speech changes, self-injury and aggression, autonomic instability, and a range of psychiatric symptoms (affective, anxiety, or psychotic symptoms). Patients may be misdiagnosed with another disorder leading to extensive tests and a delay in treatment. Untreated, the condition may be fatal in 10%-20% of patients, with death sometimes occurring within days of disease onset. Method: We describe the presentation and management of five children and adolescents with NMS/MC. Conclusion: MC and NMS are life-Threatening medical emergencies, which if diagnosed promptly, can be successfully treated with known effective treatments (benzodiazepines and/or electroconvulsive therapy).
KW - adolescents
KW - children
KW - malignant catatonia (MC)
KW - neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
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U2 - 10.1089/cap.2016.0180
DO - 10.1089/cap.2016.0180
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28398818
AN - SCOPUS:85018863789
SN - 1044-5463
VL - 27
SP - 359
EP - 365
JO - Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
JF - Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology
IS - 4
ER -