TY - JOUR
T1 - Neurogenesis and cell death in the ganglion cell layer of vertebrate retina
AU - Farah, Mohamed H.
N1 - Funding Information:
This paper was a part of a PhD dissertation in the laboratory of Prof. Stephen S. Easter, Jr. I express my utmost appreciation for Dr. Easter's valuable discussions and insightful suggestions throughout the course of this work. This work was supported by Herman and Margaret Sokol Faculty Award in Sciences (S.S.E., Jr.), Rackham Merit Fellowship and NIH training grant MH14279 (M.H.F.). I thank Aneeka Chaudhry, Dylan Clyne, and Merritt Taylor for valuable comments on the manuscript.
PY - 2006/9
Y1 - 2006/9
N2 - The correct formation of all central nervous system tissues depends on the proper balance of neurogenesis and developmental cell death. A model system for studying these programs is the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the vertebrate retina because of its simple and well-described structure and amenability to experimental manipulations. The GCL contains approximately equal numbers of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells. Ganglion cells are the first or among the first cells born in the retina in all the studied vertebrates. Neurogenesis and cell death have been studied extensively in the GCL of various amniotes (rodents, chicks, and monkeys) and anamniotes (fish and frogs), and the two processes highlight developmental differences between the groups. In amniotes, neurogenesis occurs during a defined period prior to birth/hatch or the opening of the eyes, whereas in anamniotes, neurogenesis extends past hatching into adulthood-sometimes for years. Roughly half of GCL neurons die during development in amniotes, whereas developmental cell death does not occur in the GCL neurons of anamniotes. This review discusses the spatial and temporal patterns of neurogenesis, cell death, and possible explanation of cell death in the GCL. It also examines markers widely used to distinguish between ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells, and methods employed to birth date neurons.
AB - The correct formation of all central nervous system tissues depends on the proper balance of neurogenesis and developmental cell death. A model system for studying these programs is the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the vertebrate retina because of its simple and well-described structure and amenability to experimental manipulations. The GCL contains approximately equal numbers of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells. Ganglion cells are the first or among the first cells born in the retina in all the studied vertebrates. Neurogenesis and cell death have been studied extensively in the GCL of various amniotes (rodents, chicks, and monkeys) and anamniotes (fish and frogs), and the two processes highlight developmental differences between the groups. In amniotes, neurogenesis occurs during a defined period prior to birth/hatch or the opening of the eyes, whereas in anamniotes, neurogenesis extends past hatching into adulthood-sometimes for years. Roughly half of GCL neurons die during development in amniotes, whereas developmental cell death does not occur in the GCL neurons of anamniotes. This review discusses the spatial and temporal patterns of neurogenesis, cell death, and possible explanation of cell death in the GCL. It also examines markers widely used to distinguish between ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells, and methods employed to birth date neurons.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.04.002
DO - 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2006.04.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 16764935
AN - SCOPUS:33747891683
SN - 0165-0173
VL - 52
SP - 264
EP - 274
JO - Brain Research Reviews
JF - Brain Research Reviews
IS - 2
ER -