TY - JOUR
T1 - Neural substrates of fluid reasoning
T2 - An fMRI study of neocortical activation during performance of the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test
AU - Prabhakaran, Vivek
AU - Smith, Jennifer A.L.
AU - Desmond, John E.
AU - Glover, Gary H.
AU - Gabrieli, John D.E.
N1 - Funding Information:
A comprehensive table of specific foci of activations are available from the authors at the following website: http://www-psych.stanford.edu/‚gabra/RavensTable.html. We thank Richard Snow for advice and materials, James Brewer and Bart Rypma for assistance with imaging, Marion Zabinski for assistance with the figures, and Chandan Vaidya for assistance with the statistics. We thank also, for their comments on this manuscript, Michael Posner, Earl Hunt, and Richard Haier. The research reported herein was supported by grants from the ONR (N00014-92-J-184) and NIH (NIAAG12995).
PY - 1997/6
Y1 - 1997/6
N2 - We examined brain activation, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging, during problem solving in seven young, healthy participants. Participants solved problems selected from the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test, a test known to predict performance on a wide range of reasoning tasks. In three conditions, participants solved problems requiring (1) analytic reasoning; (2) figural or visuospatial reasoning; or (3) simple pattern matching that served as a perceptual-motor control. Right frontal and bilateral parietal regions were activated more by figural than control problems. Bilateral frontal and left parietal, occipital, and temporal regions were activated more by analytic than figural problems. All of these regions were activated more by analytic than match problems. Many of these activations occurred in regions associated with working memory. Figural reasoning activated areas involved in spatial and object working memory. Analytic reasoning activated additional areas involved in verbal working memory and domain-independent associative and executive processes. These results suggest that fluid reasoning is mediated by a composite of working memory systems.
AB - We examined brain activation, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging, during problem solving in seven young, healthy participants. Participants solved problems selected from the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test, a test known to predict performance on a wide range of reasoning tasks. In three conditions, participants solved problems requiring (1) analytic reasoning; (2) figural or visuospatial reasoning; or (3) simple pattern matching that served as a perceptual-motor control. Right frontal and bilateral parietal regions were activated more by figural than control problems. Bilateral frontal and left parietal, occipital, and temporal regions were activated more by analytic than figural problems. All of these regions were activated more by analytic than match problems. Many of these activations occurred in regions associated with working memory. Figural reasoning activated areas involved in spatial and object working memory. Analytic reasoning activated additional areas involved in verbal working memory and domain-independent associative and executive processes. These results suggest that fluid reasoning is mediated by a composite of working memory systems.
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U2 - 10.1006/cogp.1997.0659
DO - 10.1006/cogp.1997.0659
M3 - Article
C2 - 9212721
AN - SCOPUS:0031160535
SN - 0010-0285
VL - 33
SP - 43
EP - 63
JO - Cognitive Psychology
JF - Cognitive Psychology
IS - 1
ER -