TY - JOUR
T1 - NELL-1-dependent mineralisation of Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells is mediated via c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway activation
AU - Chen, Feng
AU - Walder, Ben
AU - James, Aaron W.
AU - Soofer, Donnalisa E.
AU - Soo, Chia
AU - Ting, Kang
AU - Zhang, Xinli
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the NIH/NIDCR (grants R21 DE0177711 and RO1 DE01607), UC Discovery Grant 07-10677, T32 training fellowship to A.W.J. (5T32DE007296-14), Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA Innovation Award, and the Thomas R. Bales Endowed Chair.
PY - 2012/10
Y1 - 2012/10
N2 - Purpose: NELL-1 is a novel osteoinductive growth factor that has shown promising results for the regeneration of bone. Moreover, NELL-1 has been used successfully in bone regeneration in the axial, appendicular and calvarial skeleton of both small and large animal models. Despite increasing evidence of NELL-1 efficacy and future usefulness as an alternative to traditional bone graft substitutes, much has yet to be understood regarding the mechanisms of action of this novel protein. The activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been well studied in the setting of growth factor-mediated changes in osteogenic differentiation. Methods: In this study, we provide evidence of the involvement of MAPK signalling pathways in NELL-1-induced terminal osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), P38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were screened with MAPK signalling protein array after recombinant human (rh)NELL-1 treatment. Next, the mineralisation and intracellular phosphate levels after rhNELL-1 stimulation were assessed in the presence or absence of specific MAPK inhibitors. Results: Results showed that rhNELL-1 predominantly increased JNK pathway activation. Moreover, the specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 blocked rhNELL-1-induced mineralisation and intracellular phosphate accumulation, whereas ERK1/2 and P38 inhibitors showed no effect. Conclusions: Thus, activation of the JNK pathway is necessary to mediate terminal osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by rhNELL-1. Future studies will extend these in vitro mechanisms to the in vivo effects of NELL-1 in dealing with orthopaedic defects caused by skeletal malignancies or other aetiologies.
AB - Purpose: NELL-1 is a novel osteoinductive growth factor that has shown promising results for the regeneration of bone. Moreover, NELL-1 has been used successfully in bone regeneration in the axial, appendicular and calvarial skeleton of both small and large animal models. Despite increasing evidence of NELL-1 efficacy and future usefulness as an alternative to traditional bone graft substitutes, much has yet to be understood regarding the mechanisms of action of this novel protein. The activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has been well studied in the setting of growth factor-mediated changes in osteogenic differentiation. Methods: In this study, we provide evidence of the involvement of MAPK signalling pathways in NELL-1-induced terminal osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), P38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways were screened with MAPK signalling protein array after recombinant human (rh)NELL-1 treatment. Next, the mineralisation and intracellular phosphate levels after rhNELL-1 stimulation were assessed in the presence or absence of specific MAPK inhibitors. Results: Results showed that rhNELL-1 predominantly increased JNK pathway activation. Moreover, the specific JNK inhibitor SP600125 blocked rhNELL-1-induced mineralisation and intracellular phosphate accumulation, whereas ERK1/2 and P38 inhibitors showed no effect. Conclusions: Thus, activation of the JNK pathway is necessary to mediate terminal osteogenic differentiation of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells by rhNELL-1. Future studies will extend these in vitro mechanisms to the in vivo effects of NELL-1 in dealing with orthopaedic defects caused by skeletal malignancies or other aetiologies.
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U2 - 10.1007/s00264-012-1590-x
DO - 10.1007/s00264-012-1590-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 22797704
AN - SCOPUS:84867863774
VL - 36
SP - 2181
EP - 2187
JO - International Orthopaedics
JF - International Orthopaedics
SN - 0341-2695
IS - 10
ER -