TY - JOUR
T1 - Neighborhood environment and opportunity to use cocaine and other drugs in late childhood and early adolescence
AU - Crum, Rosa M.
AU - Lillie-Blanton, Marsha
AU - Anthony, James C.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a Scientist Development Award for Clinicians from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA00168), and by grant DA04392 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.The authors acknowledgea ssistance from the many participantsa nd colleaguesw ho have joined in the preventionr esearchp artnershipb etween BaltimoreC ity Public Schools and the Johns Hopkins University and are especially grateful for sustained support from the Superintendento f Schools, central administration,p rincipals, teachers,p arents, and students.
PY - 1996/12/11
Y1 - 1996/12/11
N2 - We hypothesized that neighborhood disadvantage might function as a determinant of 'exposure opportunity', an intermediate step on a path toward starting to use drugs illicitly. Testing this hypothesis, we analyzed self-report data gathered in 1992 by means of confidential interviews with 1416 urban-dwelling middle-school participants in a longitudinal field study. Within this epidemiologic sample, 50 youths said that someone actively had offered them a chance to take cocaine or smoke crack; tobacco had been offered to 395 youths; alcohol to 429 youths. Using multiple logistic regression to hold constant grade, sex, minority status, and peer drug use, we found a moderately potent association between neighborhood disadvantage and exposure to cocaine: youths living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (highest tertile) were an estimated 5.6 times more likely to have been offered cocaine, as compared to those in relatively advantaged neighborhoods (P = 0.001). By comparison, there were weaker but statistically significant associations involving tobacco exposure opportunity (odds ratio, OR = 1.7, P = 0.004) and alcohol exposure opportunity (OR = 1.9, P = 0.0005). Future research will clarify the etiologic significance of neighborhood disadvantage in pathways leading toward illicit drug use.
AB - We hypothesized that neighborhood disadvantage might function as a determinant of 'exposure opportunity', an intermediate step on a path toward starting to use drugs illicitly. Testing this hypothesis, we analyzed self-report data gathered in 1992 by means of confidential interviews with 1416 urban-dwelling middle-school participants in a longitudinal field study. Within this epidemiologic sample, 50 youths said that someone actively had offered them a chance to take cocaine or smoke crack; tobacco had been offered to 395 youths; alcohol to 429 youths. Using multiple logistic regression to hold constant grade, sex, minority status, and peer drug use, we found a moderately potent association between neighborhood disadvantage and exposure to cocaine: youths living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (highest tertile) were an estimated 5.6 times more likely to have been offered cocaine, as compared to those in relatively advantaged neighborhoods (P = 0.001). By comparison, there were weaker but statistically significant associations involving tobacco exposure opportunity (odds ratio, OR = 1.7, P = 0.004) and alcohol exposure opportunity (OR = 1.9, P = 0.0005). Future research will clarify the etiologic significance of neighborhood disadvantage in pathways leading toward illicit drug use.
KW - Cocaine
KW - Environment
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Neighborhood
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U2 - 10.1016/S0376-8716(96)01298-7
DO - 10.1016/S0376-8716(96)01298-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 9023071
AN - SCOPUS:0030580564
SN - 0376-8716
VL - 43
SP - 155
EP - 161
JO - Drug and alcohol dependence
JF - Drug and alcohol dependence
IS - 3
ER -