TY - JOUR
T1 - Nationwide Prevalence of Self-Reported Serious Sensory Impairments and Their Associations with Self-Reported Cognitive and Functional Difficulties
AU - Fuller, Spencer D.
AU - Mudie, Lucy I.
AU - Siordia, Carlos
AU - Swenor, Bonnielin K.
AU - Friedman, David S.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the following faculty and affiliated researchers at the Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health: Beatriz Muñoz, Dr. Chris Brady, and Dr. Saifuddin Ahmed.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Academy of Ophthalmology
PY - 2018/4
Y1 - 2018/4
N2 - Purpose: To estimate the nationwide prevalence of self-reported serious vision impairment (SVI), serious hearing impairment (SHI), and serious dual sensory impairment (DSI; i.e., concomitant SVI and SHI) and to characterize their associations with self-reported cognitive, independent living, self-care, and ambulatory difficulties. Design: The American Community Survey (ACS) is a nationwide cross-sectional survey administered by the United States Census Bureau. Participants: The 2011–2015 ACS sample contains data on 7 210 535 individuals 45 years of age or older. Methods: Descriptive statistics for each of the 4 mutually exclusive sensory impairment categories no sensory impairment (NSI), SVI, SHI, and serious DSI were calculated using the weighted sample. Adjusted odds ratios using several logistic regressions were calculated using the unweighted sample to measure the magnitude of associations between sensory impairment status and the outcome difficulties. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported cognitive, independent living, self-care, and ambulatory difficulty. Results: Among individuals 45 years of age or older, the estimated nationwide prevalence of self-reported SVI alone is 2.8%, that of SHI alone is 6.0%, and that of serious DSI is 1.6%. The prevalence of each sensory impairment increases with age. A greater proportion of American Indians or Alaskan Natives experience SVI (4.8%), SHI (8.5%), and serious DSI (3.7%) than any other race or ethnic group (P < 0.001). Individuals reporting serious DSI are more likely to report cognitive impairment, independent living difficulty, self-care difficulty, and difficulty ambulating than individuals with NSI across all age groups (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, serious DSI is associated with greater cognitive and functional difficulties than SVI or SHI alone, and SVI alone has a greater association with cognitive and functional difficulties than SHI alone. Conclusions: The nationwide prevalence of self-reported serious sensory impairment increases with age and is distributed unequally among different racial and ethnic groups. Any sensory impairment is associated with greater cognitive and functional difficulties than NSI. Additionally, serious DSI is associated with greater difficulties than SVI or SHI alone, and SVI alone is more serious than SHI alone in each of the 4 cognitive and functional difficulties.
AB - Purpose: To estimate the nationwide prevalence of self-reported serious vision impairment (SVI), serious hearing impairment (SHI), and serious dual sensory impairment (DSI; i.e., concomitant SVI and SHI) and to characterize their associations with self-reported cognitive, independent living, self-care, and ambulatory difficulties. Design: The American Community Survey (ACS) is a nationwide cross-sectional survey administered by the United States Census Bureau. Participants: The 2011–2015 ACS sample contains data on 7 210 535 individuals 45 years of age or older. Methods: Descriptive statistics for each of the 4 mutually exclusive sensory impairment categories no sensory impairment (NSI), SVI, SHI, and serious DSI were calculated using the weighted sample. Adjusted odds ratios using several logistic regressions were calculated using the unweighted sample to measure the magnitude of associations between sensory impairment status and the outcome difficulties. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported cognitive, independent living, self-care, and ambulatory difficulty. Results: Among individuals 45 years of age or older, the estimated nationwide prevalence of self-reported SVI alone is 2.8%, that of SHI alone is 6.0%, and that of serious DSI is 1.6%. The prevalence of each sensory impairment increases with age. A greater proportion of American Indians or Alaskan Natives experience SVI (4.8%), SHI (8.5%), and serious DSI (3.7%) than any other race or ethnic group (P < 0.001). Individuals reporting serious DSI are more likely to report cognitive impairment, independent living difficulty, self-care difficulty, and difficulty ambulating than individuals with NSI across all age groups (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, serious DSI is associated with greater cognitive and functional difficulties than SVI or SHI alone, and SVI alone has a greater association with cognitive and functional difficulties than SHI alone. Conclusions: The nationwide prevalence of self-reported serious sensory impairment increases with age and is distributed unequally among different racial and ethnic groups. Any sensory impairment is associated with greater cognitive and functional difficulties than NSI. Additionally, serious DSI is associated with greater difficulties than SVI or SHI alone, and SVI alone is more serious than SHI alone in each of the 4 cognitive and functional difficulties.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.11.003
DO - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.11.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 29306552
AN - SCOPUS:85039899472
SN - 0161-6420
VL - 125
SP - 476
EP - 485
JO - Ophthalmology
JF - Ophthalmology
IS - 4
ER -