TY - JOUR
T1 - Myocardial Phosphodiesterases and Their Role in cGMP Regulation
AU - Dunkerly-Eyring, Brittany
AU - Kass, David A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/6/22
Y1 - 2020/6/22
N2 - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise an 11-member superfamily yielding near 100 isoform variants that hydrolyze cAMP or cGMP to their respective 5′-monophosphate form. Each plays a role in compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling, with varying selectivity for each substrate, and conveying cell and intracellular-specific localized control. This review focuses on the 5 phosphodiesterases (PDEs) expressed in the cardiac myocyte capable of hydrolyzing cGMP and that have been shown to play a role in cardiac physiological and pathological processes. PDE1, PDE2, and PDE3 catabolize cAMP as well, whereas PDE5 and PDE9 are cGMP selective. PDE3 and PDE5 are already in clinical use, the former for heart failure, and PDE1, PDE9, and PDE5 are all being actively studied for this indication in patients. Research in just the past few years has revealed many novel cardiac influences of each isoform, expanding the therapeutic potential from their selective pharmacological blockade or in some instances, activation. PDE1C inhibition was found to confer cell survival protection and enhance cardiac contractility, whereas PDE2 inhibition or activation induces beneficial effects in hypertrophied or failing hearts, respectively. PDE3 inhibition is already clinically used to treat acute decompensated heart failure, although toxicity has precluded its long-term use. However, newer approaches including isoform-specific allosteric modulation may change this. Finally, inhibition of PDE5A and PDE9A counter pathological remodeling of the heart and are both being pursued in clinical trials. Here, we discuss recent research advances in each of these PDEs, their impact on the myocardium, and cardiac therapeutic potential.
AB - Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise an 11-member superfamily yielding near 100 isoform variants that hydrolyze cAMP or cGMP to their respective 5′-monophosphate form. Each plays a role in compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling, with varying selectivity for each substrate, and conveying cell and intracellular-specific localized control. This review focuses on the 5 phosphodiesterases (PDEs) expressed in the cardiac myocyte capable of hydrolyzing cGMP and that have been shown to play a role in cardiac physiological and pathological processes. PDE1, PDE2, and PDE3 catabolize cAMP as well, whereas PDE5 and PDE9 are cGMP selective. PDE3 and PDE5 are already in clinical use, the former for heart failure, and PDE1, PDE9, and PDE5 are all being actively studied for this indication in patients. Research in just the past few years has revealed many novel cardiac influences of each isoform, expanding the therapeutic potential from their selective pharmacological blockade or in some instances, activation. PDE1C inhibition was found to confer cell survival protection and enhance cardiac contractility, whereas PDE2 inhibition or activation induces beneficial effects in hypertrophied or failing hearts, respectively. PDE3 inhibition is already clinically used to treat acute decompensated heart failure, although toxicity has precluded its long-term use. However, newer approaches including isoform-specific allosteric modulation may change this. Finally, inhibition of PDE5A and PDE9A counter pathological remodeling of the heart and are both being pursued in clinical trials. Here, we discuss recent research advances in each of these PDEs, their impact on the myocardium, and cardiac therapeutic potential.
KW - cAMP
KW - cGMP
KW - contraction
KW - cyclic nucleotides
KW - heart
KW - hypertrophy
KW - myocyte
KW - phosphodiesterase
KW - protein kinase G
KW - signal transduction
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U2 - 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000773
DO - 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000773
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31651671
AN - SCOPUS:85085905357
SN - 0160-2446
VL - 75
SP - 483
EP - 493
JO - Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
JF - Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
IS - 6
ER -