TY - JOUR
T1 - Mortality Surveillance Methods to Identify and Characterize Deaths in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network Sites
AU - Salzberg, Navit T.
AU - Sivalogan, Kasthuri
AU - Bassat, Quique
AU - Taylor, Allan W.
AU - Adedini, Sunday
AU - El Arifeen, Shams
AU - Assefa, Nega
AU - Blau, Dianna M.
AU - Chawana, Richard
AU - Cain, Carrie Jo
AU - Cain, Kevin P.
AU - Caneer, J. Patrick
AU - Garel, Mischka
AU - Gurley, Emily S.
AU - Kaiser, Reinhard
AU - Kotloff, Karen L.
AU - Mandomando, Inacio
AU - Morris, Timothy
AU - Nyamthimba Onyango, Peter
AU - Sazzad, Hossain M.S.
AU - Scott, J. Anthony G.
AU - Seale, Anna C.
AU - Sitoe, Antonio
AU - Sow, Samba O.
AU - Tapia, Milagritos D.
AU - Whitney, Ellen A.
AU - Worrell, Mary Claire
AU - Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily
AU - Madhi, Shabir A.
AU - Raghunathan, Pratima L.
AU - Koplan, Jeffrey P.
AU - Breiman, Robert F.
AU - Agaya, Janet
AU - Akelo, Victor
AU - Tippett Barr, Beth A.
AU - Bari, Sanwarul
AU - Islam, Farzana
AU - Rahman, Afruna
AU - Dessie, Yadeta
AU - Gedefa, Letta
AU - Kaluma, Erick
AU - Keita, Adama Mamby
AU - Onwuchekwa, Uma U.
AU - Sidibe, Diakaridia
AU - Jambai, Amara
AU - Madrid, Lola
AU - Wittmann, Stefanie
AU - Mehta, Ashka
AU - Munguambe, Khátia
AU - Nhacolo, Ariel
AU - Vitorino, Pio
AU - Sacoor, Charfudin
AU - Preslar, Jessica
AU - Onyango, Dickens
AU - Ordi, Jaume
AU - Menéndez Santos, Clara
AU - Samura, Solomon
AU - Turk, Megan
AU - Varo, Rosauro
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments. The authors thank the entire CHAMPS Network staff for their dedication and for contributing their insight and expertise to the project. In particular, the authors thank the following for their contributions to the project: the physician call-in center in Bangladesh; the CHAMPS project team, investigators and Scientific Advisory Committee in Ethiopia, who have all contributed to setting up this work; the large supporting team at the KEMRI–Centre for Global Health Research and the technical advisors of the CDC–Kenya; all of the CISM staff in Mozambique, particularly those supporting the CHAMPS program; the CDC–Sierra Leone for their support in setting up CHAMPS in Sierra Leone; Siobhan Johnstone for assisting in setting up the CHAMPS structure in South Africa and Nellie Myburgh for leading community engagement efforts in South Africa; and the extended CHAMPS team in Mali, including Aliou Toure, Professor Cheick Bougadari Traore, the minimally invasive tissue sampling and histopathology team, the microbiology and immunology departments, the demographic surveillance system (DSS) and sociobehavioral science teams, and the Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) panelists. The authors thank the government of Mali, the Ministry of Health of Mali, Malian community leaders (religious, social, traditional), and Point Sud. The authors also thank Kevin Clarke from the US CDC, and Dave Ross and Vivian Singletary from the Task Force for Global Health. We want to extend our deepest appreciation to the communities of each CHAMPS site and the family members of enrolled deaths in particular who have supported CHAMPS work to define what is killing children. ISGlobal is a member of the Catalan Research Centres Institute (CERCA) Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya (http://cerca.cat/en/suma/). CISM receives support from the Government of Mozambique and the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development. The Kersa HDSS has been receiving financial and technical support from the US CDC (grant number GH001039-01-05) and the Ethiopian Public Health Association.
Funding Information:
Potential conflicts of interest. S. A. M. has received grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Pfizer, Glaxo Smith Kline, Biovac, Novavax, and Sanofi Pasteur; and honoraria from The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. All authors report no potential conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.
Funding Information:
Financial support. This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (award number OPP1126780). J. A. G. S. is funded by a fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (award number 098532). CHAMPS is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has provided input into site selection decisions and methodology and scope of CHAMPS. Supplement sponsorship. This supplement is sponsored by the Emory Global Health Institute and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
PY - 2019/10/15
Y1 - 2019/10/15
N2 - Despite reductions over the past 2 decades, childhood mortality remains high in low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In these settings, children often die at home, without contact with the health system, and are neither accounted for, nor attributed with a cause of death. In addition, when cause of death determinations occur, they often use nonspecific methods. Consequently, findings from models currently utilized to build national and global estimates of causes of death are associated with substantial uncertainty. Higher-quality data would enable stakeholders to effectively target interventions for the leading causes of childhood mortality, a critical component to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by eliminating preventable perinatal and childhood deaths. The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network tracks the causes of under-5 mortality and stillbirths at sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia through comprehensive mortality surveillance, utilizing minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), postmortem laboratory and pathology testing, verbal autopsy, and clinical and demographic data. CHAMPS sites have established facility- and community-based mortality notification systems, which aim to report potentially eligible deaths, defined as under-5 deaths and stillbirths within a defined catchment area, within 24-36 hours so that MITS can be conducted quickly after death. Where MITS has been conducted, a final cause of death is determined by an expert review panel. Data on cause of death will be provided to local, national, and global stakeholders to inform strategies to reduce perinatal and childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
AB - Despite reductions over the past 2 decades, childhood mortality remains high in low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In these settings, children often die at home, without contact with the health system, and are neither accounted for, nor attributed with a cause of death. In addition, when cause of death determinations occur, they often use nonspecific methods. Consequently, findings from models currently utilized to build national and global estimates of causes of death are associated with substantial uncertainty. Higher-quality data would enable stakeholders to effectively target interventions for the leading causes of childhood mortality, a critical component to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by eliminating preventable perinatal and childhood deaths. The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network tracks the causes of under-5 mortality and stillbirths at sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia through comprehensive mortality surveillance, utilizing minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), postmortem laboratory and pathology testing, verbal autopsy, and clinical and demographic data. CHAMPS sites have established facility- and community-based mortality notification systems, which aim to report potentially eligible deaths, defined as under-5 deaths and stillbirths within a defined catchment area, within 24-36 hours so that MITS can be conducted quickly after death. Where MITS has been conducted, a final cause of death is determined by an expert review panel. Data on cause of death will be provided to local, national, and global stakeholders to inform strategies to reduce perinatal and childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
KW - CHAMPS
KW - child mortality
KW - global health
KW - surveillance
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85073113154&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85073113154&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/cid/ciz599
DO - 10.1093/cid/ciz599
M3 - Article
C2 - 31598664
AN - SCOPUS:85073113154
SN - 1058-4838
VL - 69
SP - S262-S273
JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases
JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases
ER -