TY - JOUR
T1 - Mortality in COPD
T2 - Causes, risk factors, and prevention
AU - Berry, Cristine E.
AU - Wise, Robert A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr. Cristine Berry has no conflicts of interest to declare. Dr Robert Wise has served as a paid consultant for AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Emphasys Medical (now part of Pulmonx Inc.), GlaxoSmithKline, Mpex Pharmaceuticals, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer, Inc., Schering-Plough (now part of Merck), and Spiration, Inc. He has received research funding from Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and GlaxoSmithKline. The authors are responsible for the content and writing of this paper.
Funding Information:
This article was developed on the basis of author presentation and discussions at the “Long-Term Considerations in the Course and Treatment of COPD” meeting in Miami, Florida, December 9–10, 2008. This meeting, last author’s participation, and manuscript preparation were supported by Boehringer Ingel-heim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Pfizer, Inc. Editorial assistance was provided by Rachael Profit, PhD, of Envision Scientific Solutions. The article reflects the concepts of the authors and is their sole responsibility. It was not reviewed by Boehringer In-gelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Pfizer, Inc., except to ensure medical and safety accuracy.
PY - 2010/9
Y1 - 2010/9
N2 - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading and increasing cause of death, the extent of which is underestimated as a consequence of underdiagnosis and underreporting on death certificates. Data from large trials, such as the Lung Health Study, Towards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH), Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium (UPLIFT), European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (EUROSCOP), and Inhaled Steroids in Obstructive Lung Disease (ISOLDE), have shown that the causes of death in patients with mild COPD are predominantly cancer and cardiovascular disease, but as COPD severity increases, deaths due to non-malignant respiratory disease are increasingly common. In practice, mortality of patients with COPD can be predicted by a variety of measures including: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the ratio of inspiratory and total lung capacities, exercise capacity, dyspnea scores, and composite indices such as the body-mass index (B), degree of airflow obstruction (O), degree of functional dyspnea (D), and exercise capacity (E) (BODE) index. Smoking cessation improves survival in COPD patients, and in select patients with advanced disease, oxygen therapy, lung volume reduction surgery, or lung transplantation may also improve survival.
AB - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading and increasing cause of death, the extent of which is underestimated as a consequence of underdiagnosis and underreporting on death certificates. Data from large trials, such as the Lung Health Study, Towards a Revolution in COPD Health (TORCH), Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium (UPLIFT), European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (EUROSCOP), and Inhaled Steroids in Obstructive Lung Disease (ISOLDE), have shown that the causes of death in patients with mild COPD are predominantly cancer and cardiovascular disease, but as COPD severity increases, deaths due to non-malignant respiratory disease are increasingly common. In practice, mortality of patients with COPD can be predicted by a variety of measures including: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the ratio of inspiratory and total lung capacities, exercise capacity, dyspnea scores, and composite indices such as the body-mass index (B), degree of airflow obstruction (O), degree of functional dyspnea (D), and exercise capacity (E) (BODE) index. Smoking cessation improves survival in COPD patients, and in select patients with advanced disease, oxygen therapy, lung volume reduction surgery, or lung transplantation may also improve survival.
KW - Anticholinergics
KW - Beta-agonists
KW - COPD
KW - Inhaled corticosteroids
KW - Mortality
KW - Oxygen
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77956979987&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77956979987&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3109/15412555.2010.510160
DO - 10.3109/15412555.2010.510160
M3 - Review article
C2 - 20854053
AN - SCOPUS:77956979987
SN - 1541-2555
VL - 7
SP - 375
EP - 382
JO - COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
JF - COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
IS - 5
ER -