TY - JOUR
T1 - Mortality among injection drug users in northern thailand
T2 - A prospective cohort study
AU - Quan, Vu Minh
AU - Aramrattana, Apinun
AU - Vongchak, Tasanai
AU - Latkin, Carl
AU - Donnell, Deborah
AU - Liu, Ting Yuan
AU - Wiboonnatakul, Kanokporn
AU - Celentano, David D.
PY - 2010/12/1
Y1 - 2010/12/1
N2 - Objectives: To measure mortality rates and assess predictors of all-cause mortality in a cohort of Thai injection drug users (IDUs) who were enrolled and followed up from 2004 through 2006. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 314 community-dwelling IDUs (95% being men; 42% of ethnic minority; median age, 29 years [range, 18-69 years]) and followed up them at 6-month intervals. Mortality rates were calculated based on personyears of follow-up. Marginal Cox proportional hazards models for clustered data were constructed to determine the factors associated with all-cause mortality. Findings: During 445.7 person-years of follow-up, 17 of 314 (5.4%) IDUs died. The all-cause mortality rate was 3.8 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2-6.1). The standardized mortality ratio was 5.8 (95% CI = 3.5-9.1). The mortality rate among HIV-positive IDUs was 13.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI = 5.4 -27.6). In a marginal Cox proportional-hazards model for clustered data, the excess mortality was associated with HIV-positivity (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.0, 95% CI = 2.8 -17.6), benzodiazepine use (HR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1-9.4), and excessive alcohol consumption at enrollment (HR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.3-9.1). Conclusions: The all-cause mortality among the drug injectors is high. The increased mortality was associated with HIV infection, benzodiazepine use, and excessive alcohol consumption.
AB - Objectives: To measure mortality rates and assess predictors of all-cause mortality in a cohort of Thai injection drug users (IDUs) who were enrolled and followed up from 2004 through 2006. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 314 community-dwelling IDUs (95% being men; 42% of ethnic minority; median age, 29 years [range, 18-69 years]) and followed up them at 6-month intervals. Mortality rates were calculated based on personyears of follow-up. Marginal Cox proportional hazards models for clustered data were constructed to determine the factors associated with all-cause mortality. Findings: During 445.7 person-years of follow-up, 17 of 314 (5.4%) IDUs died. The all-cause mortality rate was 3.8 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2-6.1). The standardized mortality ratio was 5.8 (95% CI = 3.5-9.1). The mortality rate among HIV-positive IDUs was 13.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI = 5.4 -27.6). In a marginal Cox proportional-hazards model for clustered data, the excess mortality was associated with HIV-positivity (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.0, 95% CI = 2.8 -17.6), benzodiazepine use (HR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1-9.4), and excessive alcohol consumption at enrollment (HR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.3-9.1). Conclusions: The all-cause mortality among the drug injectors is high. The increased mortality was associated with HIV infection, benzodiazepine use, and excessive alcohol consumption.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Benzodiazepine
KW - Mortality
KW - Opioid
KW - Substance abuse
KW - Thailand
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U2 - 10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181c78bf4
DO - 10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181c78bf4
M3 - Article
C2 - 21769039
AN - SCOPUS:79551618877
SN - 1932-0620
VL - 4
SP - 217
EP - 222
JO - Journal of addiction medicine
JF - Journal of addiction medicine
IS - 4
ER -