Molecular epidemiology of prostate cancer

In molecular epidemiologic studies of prostate cancer, the association of biomarkers of exposure measured in blood or other tissues is evaluated in relation to incidence or mortality. These biomarkers capture aspects of diet, environmental contaminants, and factors for which concentrations are partially inherently determined. In summarizing the evidence for these biomarkers, studies of large size and that used sound designs and methods for assessing the biomarkers are highlighted. Possible methodologic explanations for inconsistencies in findings among studies are advanced. Finally, direction for future molecular epidemiologic investigations on the causes and prevention of prostate cancer is given.