Molecular Detection and Assessment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via a Collagen Hybridizing Peptide

During aging, wear, and tear of intervertebral discs, human discs undergo a series of morphological and biochemical changes. Degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, e.g., collagen, arises as an important contributor and accelerator in this process. Existing methods to detect collagen degradation at the tissue level include histology and immunohistochemistry. Unfortunately, most of these methods only depict overall collagen content without the ability to specifically discern degraded collagen and to assess the severity of degeneration. To fill this technological gap, we developed a robust and simple approach to detect and assess early disc degeneration with a collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP) that hybridizes with the flawed triple helix structure in degraded collagen. Intriguingly, the CHP signal in mouse lumbar discs exhibited a linear incremental pattern with age. This finding was corroborated with histological analysis based on established methods. When comparing this analysis, a positive linear correlation was found between CHP fluorescence intensity and the histological score with a regression value of r² = 0.9478. In degenerative mouse discs elicited by pro-inflammatory stimuli (IL-1β and LPS) ex vivo, the newly developed approach empowered prediction of the severity of disc degeneration. We further demonstrated higher CHP signals in a degenerative human disc tissue when compared to a normal sample. These findings also resonated with histological analysis. This approach lays a solid foundation for specific detection and assessment of intervertebral disc degeneration at the molecular level and will promote development of future disc regeneration strategies.