TY - JOUR
T1 - Modification of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the brain of newborn piglets following hyperventilation induced ischemia
AU - Graham, Ernest M.
AU - Apostolou, Melita
AU - Mishra, Om P.
AU - Delivoria-Papadopoulos, Maria
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank Ms. Joanna Kubin and Ms. Anli Zhu for their technical assistance. This work was supported in part by NIH grant HD-20337, March of Dimes #94-135, and United Cerebral Palsy #R-506-93, and was presented in part at the 1994 meeting of the Society for Pediatric Research in Seattle, Washington, USA.
PY - 1996/10/25
Y1 - 1996/10/25
N2 - The present study tests the hypothesis that cerebral ischemia induced by severe hypocapnia modifies the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor/ion channel complex in the cerebral cortical cell membranes of newborn piglets. Studies were performed in six newborn piglets subjected to ischemic hypoxia induced by hyperventilation (PaCO2, 9-11 mmHg) for 1 h. Comparisons were made to a normoxic group on room air (n = 6). Following hyperventilation, phosphocreatine decreased 80%, but ATP remained unchanged. NMDA receptor activation was determined by measuring [3H]MK-801 binding at concentrations varying from 2.5 to 50 nM. Following hyperventilation, B(max) decreased 52% to 0.50 ± 0.04 pmol/mg protein (P = 0.001); however, the K(d) value was unchanged at 7.45 ± 0.79 nM. Spermine and magnesium dependent activation of the NMDA receptor was determined in the hyperventilated and control groups. With spermine concentrations increasing from 2.5 to 50 μM the maximal spermine dependent activation in the normoxic group was 13.7 ± 7.93% which occurred at a concentration of 3.75 ± 1.37 μM. In the hyperventilated group maximal activation was 32.4 ± 23.5% (P = 0.095) at 4.58 ± 2.46 μM (P = ns). With magnesium concentrations increasing from 2.5 to 100 μM the maximal magnesium dependent activation in the normoxic group was 17.0 ± 13.6% which occurred at a concentration of 22.5 ± 6.12 μM. In the hyperventilated group maximal activation was 26.3 ± 14.9% (P = ns) at 4.58 ± 2.92 μM (P < 0.0001). These data show that with less severe tissue hypoxia, as evidenced by conservation of ATP, there is less modification of the MMDA receptors. Ischemia induced by hyperventilation leads to an increase in spermine activation of the NMDA receptor, and the NMDA receptor is much more sensitive to magnesium as evidenced by the maximal activation occurring at a significantly lower magnesium concentration. Ischemia induced by hyperventilation modifies the spermine, magnesium, and MK-801 binding sites of the NMDA receptor and may result in increased NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity in the newborn brain.
AB - The present study tests the hypothesis that cerebral ischemia induced by severe hypocapnia modifies the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor/ion channel complex in the cerebral cortical cell membranes of newborn piglets. Studies were performed in six newborn piglets subjected to ischemic hypoxia induced by hyperventilation (PaCO2, 9-11 mmHg) for 1 h. Comparisons were made to a normoxic group on room air (n = 6). Following hyperventilation, phosphocreatine decreased 80%, but ATP remained unchanged. NMDA receptor activation was determined by measuring [3H]MK-801 binding at concentrations varying from 2.5 to 50 nM. Following hyperventilation, B(max) decreased 52% to 0.50 ± 0.04 pmol/mg protein (P = 0.001); however, the K(d) value was unchanged at 7.45 ± 0.79 nM. Spermine and magnesium dependent activation of the NMDA receptor was determined in the hyperventilated and control groups. With spermine concentrations increasing from 2.5 to 50 μM the maximal spermine dependent activation in the normoxic group was 13.7 ± 7.93% which occurred at a concentration of 3.75 ± 1.37 μM. In the hyperventilated group maximal activation was 32.4 ± 23.5% (P = 0.095) at 4.58 ± 2.46 μM (P = ns). With magnesium concentrations increasing from 2.5 to 100 μM the maximal magnesium dependent activation in the normoxic group was 17.0 ± 13.6% which occurred at a concentration of 22.5 ± 6.12 μM. In the hyperventilated group maximal activation was 26.3 ± 14.9% (P = ns) at 4.58 ± 2.92 μM (P < 0.0001). These data show that with less severe tissue hypoxia, as evidenced by conservation of ATP, there is less modification of the MMDA receptors. Ischemia induced by hyperventilation leads to an increase in spermine activation of the NMDA receptor, and the NMDA receptor is much more sensitive to magnesium as evidenced by the maximal activation occurring at a significantly lower magnesium concentration. Ischemia induced by hyperventilation modifies the spermine, magnesium, and MK-801 binding sites of the NMDA receptor and may result in increased NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity in the newborn brain.
KW - Hyperventilation
KW - Ischemia
KW - MK-801
KW - Magnesium
KW - N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
KW - Spermine
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U2 - 10.1016/S0304-3940(96)13114-1
DO - 10.1016/S0304-3940(96)13114-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 8939473
AN - SCOPUS:0030601806
SN - 0304-3940
VL - 218
SP - 29
EP - 32
JO - Neuroscience Letters
JF - Neuroscience Letters
IS - 1
ER -