Mitochondrial ATP synthasome: Cristae-enriched membranes and a multiwell detergent screening assay yield dispersed single complexes containing the ATP synthase and carriers for P_i and ADP/ATP

The terminal step of ATP synthesis in intact mitochondria is catalyzed by the ATP synthase (F₀F₁) that works in close synchrony with the P_i and ADP/ATP carriers. Each carrier consists of only a single polypeptide chain in dimeric form, while the ATP synthase is highly complex consisting in animals of 17 known subunit types and more than 30 total subunits. Although structures at high resolution have been obtained for the water-soluble F₁ part of the ATP synthase consisting of only five subunit types, such structures have not been obtained for either the complete ATP synthase or the P_i and ADP/ATP carriers. Here, we report that all three proteins are localized in highly purified cristae-like vesicles obtained by extensive subfractionation of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Moreover, using a multiwell detergent screening assay, 4 nonionic detergents out of 80 tested were found to disperse these cristae-like vesicles into single soluble complexes or "ATP synthasomes" that contain the ATP synthase in association with the P_i and ADP/ATP carriers. These studies offer new mechanistic insights into the terminal steps of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and set the stage for future structural efforts designed to visualize in atomic detail the entire complex involved. They also provide evidence that the cristae are a subcompartment of the inner membrane.