Minimally invasive saliva testing to monitor norovirus infection in community settings

Nora Pisanic, Sarah Blythe Ballard, Fabiola D. Colquechagua, Ruthly François, Natalie Exum, Pablo Peñataro Yori, Kellogg J. Schwab, Douglas A. Granger, Barbara Detrick, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Holger Mayta, Gerardo J. Sánchez, Robert H. Gilman, Christopher D. Heaney, Jan Vinjé, Margaret N. Kosek

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background. Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Routine norovirus diagnosis requires stool collection. Te goal of this study was to develop and validate a noninvasive method to diagnose norovirus to complement stool diagnostics and to facilitate studies on transmission. Methods. A multiplex immunoassay to measure salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to 5 common norovirus genotypes (GI.1, GII.2, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17) was developed. Te assay was validated using acute and convalescent saliva samples collected from Peruvian children <5 years of age with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-diagnosed norovirus infections (n = 175) and controls (n = 32). Te assay sensitivity and specifcity were calculated to determine infection status based on fold rise of salivary norovirus genotype-specifc IgG using norovirus genotype from stool as reference. Results. Te salivary assay detected recent norovirus infections and correctly assigned the infecting genotype. Sensitivity was 71% and specifcity was 96% across the evaluated genotypes compared to PCR-diagnosed norovirus infection. Conclusions. Tis saliva-based assay will be a useful tool to monitor norovirus transmission in high-risk settings such as daycare centers or hospitals. Cross-reactivity is limited between the tested genotypes, which represent the most commonly circulating genotypes.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1234-1242
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Infectious Diseases
Volume219
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 8 2019

Keywords

  • MAL-ED
  • Multiplex immunoassay
  • Noninvasive diagnostics
  • Norovirus
  • Saliva

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Minimally invasive saliva testing to monitor norovirus infection in community settings'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this