Microscopic analysis of laser-induced proximal fiber tip damage during holmium: YAG and thulium fiber laser lithotripsy

Engineering & Materials Science

• Holmium 100%
• Thulium 95%
• Yttrium aluminum garnet 75%
• Fiber lasers 67%
• Lasers 37%
• Fibers 34%
• Laser beams 15%
• Confocal microscopy 9%
• Laser pulses 8%
• Degradation 6%
• Silica 6%
• Laser damage 5%
• Gaussian beams 5%
• Laser beam effects 4%
• Laser modes 4%
• High power lasers 4%
• Neodymium lasers 4%
• Ablation 4%
• Optical microscopy 3%
• Wavelength 2%
• Costs 1%

Physics & Astronomy

• holmium 63%
• thulium 61%
• yttrium-aluminum garnet 48%
• fiber lasers 43%
• damage 35%
• fibers 27%
• lasers 21%
• laser beams 12%
• degradation 7%
• profiles 5%
• silicon dioxide 5%
• pulses 4%
• microscopy 4%
• pulse rate 4%
• craters 3%
• high power lasers 3%
• ablation 3%
• micrometers 3%
• YAG lasers 2%
• energy 2%
• pulse duration 2%
• life (durability) 2%
• irradiation 2%
• output 1%
• wavelengths 1%