TY - JOUR
T1 - Methylation estimates the risk of precancer in HPV-infected women with discrepant results between cytology and HPV16/18 genotyping
AU - Hernández-López, Rubí
AU - Lorincz, Attila T.
AU - Torres-Ibarra, Leticia
AU - Reuter, Caroline
AU - Scibior-Bentkowska, Dorota
AU - Warman, Rhian
AU - Nedjai, Belinda
AU - Mendiola-Pastrana, Indira
AU - León-Maldonado, Leith
AU - Rivera-Paredez, Berenice
AU - Ramírez-Palacios, Paula
AU - Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo
AU - Cuzick, Jack
AU - Salmerón, Jorge
AU - Wheeler, Cosette
AU - Gravitt, Patti
AU - Lazcano, Eduardo
AU - Torres, Leticia
AU - León, Leith
AU - Rivera, Berenice
AU - Franco, Eduardo L.
AU - Méndez, Pablo
AU - Hernández, Mauricio
AU - Moscicki, Anna Barbara
AU - Flores, Yvonne
AU - Carmona, Enrique
AU - Schmeler, Kathleen M.
AU - Bishai, David
AU - Hernández, Pilar
AU - Mendiola, Indira
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Author(s).
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Background: Vigilant management of women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is necessary in cancer screening programs. To this end, we evaluated the performance of S5 (targeting DNA methylation in HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, and human gene EPB41L3) to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) in a sample of hrHPV-infected women referred to colposcopy in the FRIDA Study, a large screening trial in Mexico. A nested case-control sample with women referred to colposcopy either by atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher (ASCUS+) in cytology and/or positive for HPV types 16 or 18 was tested by S5. Seventy-nine cases of CIN2+ were age-matched to 237 controls without a diagnosis of CIN2+ (<CIN2). DNA from exfoliated cervical cells was bisulfite converted and PCR amplified for S5 targets, and methylation was quantified at specific cytosines by pyrosequencing. Results: The S5 classifier separated women with CIN2+ from <CIN2 with a highly significant area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 (95% CI 0.69-0.82), while AUC for CIN3+ was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74-0.89). To optimize sensitivity and specificity for Mexico, an alternative S5 cutoff of 3.7 was implemented to account for overall higher methylation seen in our already triaged women. All three invasive cancers were detected by methylation or HPV16/18 but none by cytology. Sensitivity of S5 for CIN2+ was 62% (95% CI 50.4-72.7%), specificity was 73% (95% CI 66.9-78.5%), and adjusted PPV was 15.1% (95% CI 12.0-18.3%). In contrast, the crude sensitivity of HPV16/18 detection and cytology were 63.3% (95% CI 51.7-73.9%) and 57.0% (95% CI 45.3-68.1%) respectively; specificity was 29.1% (95% CI 23.4-35.3%) and 62.4% (95% CI 55.9-68.6%) respectively, while adjusted PPV was 6.4% (95% CI 4.9-8.1%) and 10.5% (95% CI 8.0-13.1%), respectively. Methylation testing could reduce colposcopy referrals by 30 to 50% with virtually no loss of sensitivity for CIN2+ and CIN3+. Conclusions: S5 testing on hrHPV-positive women significantly increased diagnostic information compared to triage by HPV16/18 plus cytology and appears to have clinical utility as an additional test to substantially lessen burdens on colposcopy. Trial registration: The FRIDA Study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02510027.
AB - Background: Vigilant management of women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is necessary in cancer screening programs. To this end, we evaluated the performance of S5 (targeting DNA methylation in HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, and human gene EPB41L3) to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) in a sample of hrHPV-infected women referred to colposcopy in the FRIDA Study, a large screening trial in Mexico. A nested case-control sample with women referred to colposcopy either by atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or higher (ASCUS+) in cytology and/or positive for HPV types 16 or 18 was tested by S5. Seventy-nine cases of CIN2+ were age-matched to 237 controls without a diagnosis of CIN2+ (<CIN2). DNA from exfoliated cervical cells was bisulfite converted and PCR amplified for S5 targets, and methylation was quantified at specific cytosines by pyrosequencing. Results: The S5 classifier separated women with CIN2+ from <CIN2 with a highly significant area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 (95% CI 0.69-0.82), while AUC for CIN3+ was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74-0.89). To optimize sensitivity and specificity for Mexico, an alternative S5 cutoff of 3.7 was implemented to account for overall higher methylation seen in our already triaged women. All three invasive cancers were detected by methylation or HPV16/18 but none by cytology. Sensitivity of S5 for CIN2+ was 62% (95% CI 50.4-72.7%), specificity was 73% (95% CI 66.9-78.5%), and adjusted PPV was 15.1% (95% CI 12.0-18.3%). In contrast, the crude sensitivity of HPV16/18 detection and cytology were 63.3% (95% CI 51.7-73.9%) and 57.0% (95% CI 45.3-68.1%) respectively; specificity was 29.1% (95% CI 23.4-35.3%) and 62.4% (95% CI 55.9-68.6%) respectively, while adjusted PPV was 6.4% (95% CI 4.9-8.1%) and 10.5% (95% CI 8.0-13.1%), respectively. Methylation testing could reduce colposcopy referrals by 30 to 50% with virtually no loss of sensitivity for CIN2+ and CIN3+. Conclusions: S5 testing on hrHPV-positive women significantly increased diagnostic information compared to triage by HPV16/18 plus cytology and appears to have clinical utility as an additional test to substantially lessen burdens on colposcopy. Trial registration: The FRIDA Study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02510027.
KW - Cervical cancer
KW - Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
KW - DNA methylation
KW - EPB41L3
KW - Human papillomavirus
KW - S5 classifier
KW - Triage
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U2 - 10.1186/s13148-019-0743-9
DO - 10.1186/s13148-019-0743-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 31606044
AN - SCOPUS:85073162832
SN - 1868-7075
VL - 11
JO - Clinical Epigenetics
JF - Clinical Epigenetics
IS - 1
M1 - 140
ER -