TY - JOUR
T1 - Mental health of children of low-income depressed mothers
T2 - Influences of parenting, family environment, and raters
AU - Riley, Anne W.
AU - Coiro, Mary Jo
AU - Broitman, Marina
AU - Colantuoni, Elizabeth
AU - Hurley, Kristen M.
AU - Bandeen-Roche, Karen
AU - Miranda, Jeanne
PY - 2009/3
Y1 - 2009/3
N2 - Objective: This study examined the association of maternal depression with the emotional and behavioral problems and adaptive skills of four-to ten-year-old children as rated by their mothers, fathers, and teachers. Methods: Eighty-four mothers had major depressive disorder, and 49 did not. They were predominantly African American or Latino and lived in low-income, urban communities. Mothers, fathers, and teachers reported on children's emotional and behavioral problems and adaptive functioning. Parenting behavior and family stress were examined as potential mediators, and generalized estimating equations were used to test mediation and to account for discrepancies in reports by different raters. Results: According to the combined reports, children of mothers with depression had significantly poorer adaptive skills than children of sociodemographically similar mothers without depression; according to the reports of mothers and fathers, these children also had more emotional and behavioral problems. The quality of mothers' parenting mediated these associations, but measured family stressors did not. Conclusions: This study contributes to the scientific literature by demonstrating the effects of raters and testing mediators of maternal depression in low-income African-American and Latino families. It demonstrated that mothers, fathers, and teachers observed worse functioning among children of mothers with depression than without depression, although reporters' perspectives varied somewhat. The impact of maternal depression over and above that of poverty suggests the importance of developing and funding services to address the needs of affected families.
AB - Objective: This study examined the association of maternal depression with the emotional and behavioral problems and adaptive skills of four-to ten-year-old children as rated by their mothers, fathers, and teachers. Methods: Eighty-four mothers had major depressive disorder, and 49 did not. They were predominantly African American or Latino and lived in low-income, urban communities. Mothers, fathers, and teachers reported on children's emotional and behavioral problems and adaptive functioning. Parenting behavior and family stress were examined as potential mediators, and generalized estimating equations were used to test mediation and to account for discrepancies in reports by different raters. Results: According to the combined reports, children of mothers with depression had significantly poorer adaptive skills than children of sociodemographically similar mothers without depression; according to the reports of mothers and fathers, these children also had more emotional and behavioral problems. The quality of mothers' parenting mediated these associations, but measured family stressors did not. Conclusions: This study contributes to the scientific literature by demonstrating the effects of raters and testing mediators of maternal depression in low-income African-American and Latino families. It demonstrated that mothers, fathers, and teachers observed worse functioning among children of mothers with depression than without depression, although reporters' perspectives varied somewhat. The impact of maternal depression over and above that of poverty suggests the importance of developing and funding services to address the needs of affected families.
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U2 - 10.1176/ps.2009.60.3.329
DO - 10.1176/ps.2009.60.3.329
M3 - Article
C2 - 19252045
AN - SCOPUS:61749095080
SN - 1075-2730
VL - 60
SP - 329
EP - 336
JO - Psychiatric Services
JF - Psychiatric Services
IS - 3
ER -