TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms of virus removal from secondary wastewater effluent by low pressure membrane filtration
AU - Huang, Haiou
AU - Young, Thayer A.
AU - Schwab, Kellogg J.
AU - Jacangelo, Joseph G.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank James Lozier and the Scottsdale Wastewater Treatment Plant for providing the wastewater effluent sample used in this study. The help of Dr NoHwa Lee, who performed the SEC-DOC analysis of the water sample in the laboratory of Dr. Gary Amy was critical to the understanding of water composition and fouling characteristics. The assistance of Dr. Jean Philippe Croué and his laboratory were invaluable to understanding the characteristics of the membrane used here. Thanks are also due to Siemens for kindly providing the membrane fibers used in this study. Mark Kontz kindly provided assistance in performing the FESEM. The Water Research Foundation is acknowledged for partial funding of this study; Alice Fulmer served as project officer.
PY - 2012/8/1
Y1 - 2012/8/1
N2 - As available drinking water supplies are increasingly strained, use of low pressure membranes (LPMs. 11Low pressure membranes (LPMs).) for wastewater reuse has become more widespread. Control of viruses in reclaimed water is critical to the protection of public health. The interaction between viruses, water chemistry and membrane properties plays an important role in the organism's removal, especially when its size is smaller than the size of reported membrane pores. Using MS2 bacteriophage as an indicator organism, the log removal value (LRV. 22Log removal value (LRV).) of the virus in waters containing secondary effluent organic matter increased with filtration time and concentration of high molecular weight organic foulants. The LRV increased from 2.1 to 3.0 for high fouling water, while removal in low fouling water ranged from 0.8 to 1.7. In comparison, a LRV of 1.0 was achieved in model water prepared to simulate a non-fouling condition. Addition of equal ionic strength of either sodium or calcium to model water reduced the LRV from 2.5 to 1.6 for sodium and to 0.9 for calcium. Mechanisms are proposed to explain the complexity of the observed membrane virus exclusion. The data in this study show that the use of pretreatment to reduce membrane fouling may ultimately impair virus removal efficiency.
AB - As available drinking water supplies are increasingly strained, use of low pressure membranes (LPMs. 11Low pressure membranes (LPMs).) for wastewater reuse has become more widespread. Control of viruses in reclaimed water is critical to the protection of public health. The interaction between viruses, water chemistry and membrane properties plays an important role in the organism's removal, especially when its size is smaller than the size of reported membrane pores. Using MS2 bacteriophage as an indicator organism, the log removal value (LRV. 22Log removal value (LRV).) of the virus in waters containing secondary effluent organic matter increased with filtration time and concentration of high molecular weight organic foulants. The LRV increased from 2.1 to 3.0 for high fouling water, while removal in low fouling water ranged from 0.8 to 1.7. In comparison, a LRV of 1.0 was achieved in model water prepared to simulate a non-fouling condition. Addition of equal ionic strength of either sodium or calcium to model water reduced the LRV from 2.5 to 1.6 for sodium and to 0.9 for calcium. Mechanisms are proposed to explain the complexity of the observed membrane virus exclusion. The data in this study show that the use of pretreatment to reduce membrane fouling may ultimately impair virus removal efficiency.
KW - Disinfection
KW - Effluent organic matter
KW - Low pressure membrane
KW - Membrane fouling
KW - Pretreatment
KW - Virus removal
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U2 - 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.12.050
DO - 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.12.050
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84860595205
SN - 0376-7388
VL - 409-410
SP - 1
EP - 8
JO - Journal of Membrane Science
JF - Journal of Membrane Science
ER -