TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms of modulation of cytokine release by human cord blood monocytes exposed to high concentrations of caffeine
AU - Chavez-Valdez, Raul
AU - Ahlawat, Rajni
AU - Wills-Karp, Marsha
AU - Gauda, Estelle B.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by The National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant number HL-072748 (E.B.G); The Thomas Wilson Sanitarium for Children of Baltimore City (RCV) and The Sheila S. and Lawrence C. Pakula, M.D. Endowment for Neonatal Research (RCV).
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2016 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.
PY - 2016/7/1
Y1 - 2016/7/1
N2 - Background:Serum caffeine concentrations >20 μg/ml (100 μmol/l) in infants treated for apnea of prematurity increases TNF-α and decreases IL-10, changes that perhaps are linked to comorbidities. We hypothesize that this proinflammatory cytokine profile may be linked to differential binding of caffeine to adenosine receptor subtypes (AR), inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), and modulation of toll-like receptors (TLR).Methods:Lipopolysaccharide-activated cord blood monocytes (CBM) from 19 infants were exposed to caffeine (0-200 μmol/l) with or without previous exposure to A 1 R, A 3 R, or PDE IV antagonists to determine changes in dose-response curves. Cytokines levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)), intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation (enzyme immunoassay (EIA)), and TLR gene expression (real time qRT PCR) were measured.Results:Caffeine at ≤100 μmol/l decreased TNF-α levels (∼25%, P = 0.01) and cAMP. All caffeine concentrations decreased IL-10 levels (17-35%, P < 0.01). A 1 R, A 3 R, and PDE blockades decreased TNF-α (31, 21, and 88%, P ≤ 0.01), but not IL-10. Caffeine further decreased TNF-α following A 3 R and PDE blockades. Caffeine concentrations directly correlated to TLR4 gene expression (r = 0.84; P < 0.001).Conclusion:Neither A 3 R, nor PDE blockades are involved in caffeine's modulation of cytokine release by CBM at any concentration. Besides A 1 R blockade, caffeine's upregulation of TLR4 may promote inflammation at high concentrations.
AB - Background:Serum caffeine concentrations >20 μg/ml (100 μmol/l) in infants treated for apnea of prematurity increases TNF-α and decreases IL-10, changes that perhaps are linked to comorbidities. We hypothesize that this proinflammatory cytokine profile may be linked to differential binding of caffeine to adenosine receptor subtypes (AR), inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), and modulation of toll-like receptors (TLR).Methods:Lipopolysaccharide-activated cord blood monocytes (CBM) from 19 infants were exposed to caffeine (0-200 μmol/l) with or without previous exposure to A 1 R, A 3 R, or PDE IV antagonists to determine changes in dose-response curves. Cytokines levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)), intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation (enzyme immunoassay (EIA)), and TLR gene expression (real time qRT PCR) were measured.Results:Caffeine at ≤100 μmol/l decreased TNF-α levels (∼25%, P = 0.01) and cAMP. All caffeine concentrations decreased IL-10 levels (17-35%, P < 0.01). A 1 R, A 3 R, and PDE blockades decreased TNF-α (31, 21, and 88%, P ≤ 0.01), but not IL-10. Caffeine further decreased TNF-α following A 3 R and PDE blockades. Caffeine concentrations directly correlated to TLR4 gene expression (r = 0.84; P < 0.001).Conclusion:Neither A 3 R, nor PDE blockades are involved in caffeine's modulation of cytokine release by CBM at any concentration. Besides A 1 R blockade, caffeine's upregulation of TLR4 may promote inflammation at high concentrations.
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U2 - 10.1038/pr.2016.50
DO - 10.1038/pr.2016.50
M3 - Article
C2 - 26982450
AN - SCOPUS:84976897501
SN - 0031-3998
VL - 80
SP - 101
EP - 109
JO - Pediatric Research
JF - Pediatric Research
IS - 1
ER -