@article{cceebe67ec5b472e90860a0f280c1464,
title = "Mechanism-driven biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy",
abstract = "With recent approvals for multiple therapeutic antibodies that block cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and kidney cancer, and additional immune checkpoints being targeted clinically, many questions still remain regarding the optimal use of drugs that block these checkpoint pathways. Defining biomarkers that predict therapeutic effects and adverse events is a crucial mandate, highlighted by recent approvals for two PDL1 diagnostic tests. Here, we discuss biomarkers for anti-PD1 therapy based on immunological, genetic and virological criteria. The unique biology of the CTLA4 immune checkpoint, compared with PD1, requires a different approach to biomarker development. Mechanism-based insights from such studies may guide the design of synergistic treatment combinations based on immune checkpoint blockade.",
author = "Topalian, {Suzanne L.} and Taube, {Janis M.} and Anders, {Robert A.} and Pardoll, {Drew M.}",
note = "Funding Information: The authors are grateful to M. Hellmann (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA), E. Garon (University of California Los Angeles, USA) and J. Brahmer (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA) for helpful discussions. This work was supported by research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb (S.L.T., J.M.T., R.A.A. and D.M.P.), the Melanoma Research Alliance (S.L.T., J.M.T. and D.M.P.), the US National Cancer Institute NIH (R01 CA142779; S.L.T., J.M.T. and D.M.P.), the Barney Family Foundation (S.L.T. and J.M.T.), the Dermatology Foundation (J.M.T.), the Laverna Hahn Charitable Trust (S.L.T.), the Commonwealth Foundation (D.M.P.), the W.W. Smith Charitable Trust (J.M.T.) and Moving for Melanoma Delaware (S.L.T., J.M.T. and D.M.P.). All authors were also supported by a Stand Up To Cancer-Cancer Research Institute Cancer Immunology Translational Research Grant (SU2C-AACR-DT1012). Stand Up To Cancer is a programme of the Entertainment Industry Foundation administered by the American Association for Cancer Research. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.",
year = "2016",
month = apr,
day = "26",
doi = "10.1038/nrc.2016.36",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "16",
pages = "275--287",
journal = "Nature Reviews Cancer",
issn = "1474-175X",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "5",
}