@article{f90229639b024154b42c1067a347e4ba,
title = "Measuring neighbourhood social and economic change for urban health studies",
abstract = "Neighbourhood change is a complex phenomenon. To study its consequences for health outcomes, we developed a measure of neighbourhood social and economic change for all census tracts (n = 2272) in the entire city of Madrid (Spain) in two epochs (2005–2009 and 2009–2013). We used a finite mixture modelling approach with 16 indicators from several administrative sources. We found four types of neighbourhoods: Decreasing Socioeconomic Status (SES) areas with increased diversity and decreased socioeconomic status; New Housing/Gentrification areas with high residential mobility, new housing construction and with markers of gentrification in the crisis epoch; Increasing SES areas with increased socioeconomic status and decreased diversity; and Aging areas with an aging population, low residential mobility and no new construction. We describe the baseline predictors of these types of change, finding that there is a potential widening of socioeconomic gaps, as Increasing SES areas start with higher SES, and Decreasing SES areas start with lower SES. We found a change in the spatial distribution of these types between the first and second epochs, as New Housing/Gentrification areas became more common in the centre of the city. We discuss two potential applications of this type of model to the study of the consequences of residential environment changes for health determinants and health outcomes, with a particular emphasis on retail food environments and diabetes incidence.",
keywords = "Spain, analysis, finite mixture model, latent class, longitudinal data, neighbourhoods, residential environments",
author = "Usama Bilal and Manuel Franco and Bryan Lau and David Celentano and Glass, {Thomas A}",
note = "Funding Information: 分析 有限混合模型 潜在阶级 纵向数据 街区 居住环境 西班牙 fp7 ideas: european research council https://doi.org/10.13039/100011199 Grant / Award Number: 336893 edited-state corrected-proof Declaration of conflicting interests The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The Heart Healthy Hoods project was funded by the European Research Council (FP7/2007-2013/ERC Starting Grant HeartHealthyHoods Agreement n. 336893). Usama Bilal was supported by a Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future-Lerner Fellowship. The funding source had no role in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation of results, writing of the manuscript, or decision to submit it. ORCID iD Usama Bilal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-7773 Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The Heart Healthy Hoods project was funded by the European Research Council (FP7/2007-2013/ERC Starting Grant HeartHealthyHoods Agreement n. 336893). Usama Bilal was supported by a Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future-Lerner Fellowship. The funding source had no role in the design of the study, data collection, analysis, interpretation of results, writing of the manuscript, or decision to submit it. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Urban Studies Journal Limited 2019.",
year = "2020",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/0042098019880754",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "57",
pages = "1301--1319",
journal = "Urban Studies",
issn = "0042-0980",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "6",
}