TY - JOUR
T1 - Measuring change in perceived well-being of family caregivers
T2 - validation of the Spanish version of the Perceived Change Index (PCI-S) in Chilean dementia caregivers
AU - Aravena, José M.
AU - Albala, Cecilia
AU - Gitlin, Laura N.
N1 - Funding Information:
Research related to this paper was funded by the Chilean National Fund for Research in Science and Technology (FONDECYT 1130947). We are grateful with the Kintun Center and their professional team for help in all steps of this study. We also thank the Occupational Therapists of the University of Chile, Ivannia Hajnrihar, Tania Rojas, Hans Avello, Noa Landau and Maria Paz Zamorano for their assistance in the evaluation and data management of this project. Dr. Gitlin was funded in part by the National Institute on Aging (Grants #R01AG041781; R01AG049692).
Funding Information:
Research related to this paper was funded by the Chilean National Fund for Research in Science and Technology (FONDECYT 1130947). We are grateful with the Kintun Center and their professional team for help in all steps of this study. We also thank the Occupational Therapists of the University of Chile, Ivannia Hajnrihar, Tania Rojas, Hans Avello, Noa Landau and Maria Paz Zamorano for their assistance in the evaluation and data management of this project.
Funding Information:
Dr. Gitlin was funded in part by the National Institute on Aging (Grants #R01AG041781; R01AG049692).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PY - 2018/1
Y1 - 2018/1
N2 - Objective: Few instruments evaluate family caregiver perceptions of challenges caring for persons with dementia and improvement or worsening in these areas. To address this measurement gap, we examine psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the 13-item Perceived Change Index (PCI-S), originally validated with English-speaking caregivers. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 94 caregivers of persons with mild to moderate dementia in Chile. Interviews included caregiver demographics, burden, health perception, distress with behaviours, dementia severity, behavioural symptoms and functionality. Results: Caregiver mean age was 55.9 (SD ± 14.14) years and mean years caregiving was 3 (SD ± 2.60). The scale had strong internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.94), and inter-observer consistency (CCI = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.95–0.99). Two factors were identified: Management skills (α = 0.89), and somatic well-being and affects (α = 0.92), explaining 63% of scale variance. Significant associations supporting convergent validity were observed for PCI-S and subscales with caregiver burden (p < 0.01), health perceptions (p < 0.01), depressive symptoms (p < 0.01) and distress with behaviours (p < 0.01); and in persons with dementia, functionality (p < 0.05), dementia severity (p < 0.05) and behavioural symptoms (p < 0.01) in expected directions. In logistic regression models, perceived worsening (PCI-S and subscale scores) was associated with more behavioural symptoms (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.03–1.15) and caregiver burden (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.18–1.86); whereas perceived improvement was associated with higher physical functioning (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91–0.99) in persons with dementia. PCI-S scores were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics reflecting divergent validity. Conclusions: Spanish version of the 13-item Perceived Change Index and its two-factor solution is a valid and reliable measure with clinical utility to detect improvement or worsening in caregivers concerning daily care challenges.
AB - Objective: Few instruments evaluate family caregiver perceptions of challenges caring for persons with dementia and improvement or worsening in these areas. To address this measurement gap, we examine psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the 13-item Perceived Change Index (PCI-S), originally validated with English-speaking caregivers. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 94 caregivers of persons with mild to moderate dementia in Chile. Interviews included caregiver demographics, burden, health perception, distress with behaviours, dementia severity, behavioural symptoms and functionality. Results: Caregiver mean age was 55.9 (SD ± 14.14) years and mean years caregiving was 3 (SD ± 2.60). The scale had strong internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.94), and inter-observer consistency (CCI = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.95–0.99). Two factors were identified: Management skills (α = 0.89), and somatic well-being and affects (α = 0.92), explaining 63% of scale variance. Significant associations supporting convergent validity were observed for PCI-S and subscales with caregiver burden (p < 0.01), health perceptions (p < 0.01), depressive symptoms (p < 0.01) and distress with behaviours (p < 0.01); and in persons with dementia, functionality (p < 0.05), dementia severity (p < 0.05) and behavioural symptoms (p < 0.01) in expected directions. In logistic regression models, perceived worsening (PCI-S and subscale scores) was associated with more behavioural symptoms (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.03–1.15) and caregiver burden (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.18–1.86); whereas perceived improvement was associated with higher physical functioning (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91–0.99) in persons with dementia. PCI-S scores were not associated with socio-demographic characteristics reflecting divergent validity. Conclusions: Spanish version of the 13-item Perceived Change Index and its two-factor solution is a valid and reliable measure with clinical utility to detect improvement or worsening in caregivers concerning daily care challenges.
KW - caregivers
KW - dementia
KW - psychosocial factors
KW - quality of life
KW - reliability and validity
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U2 - 10.1002/gps.4734
DO - 10.1002/gps.4734
M3 - Article
C2 - 28509367
AN - SCOPUS:85019629216
SN - 0885-6230
VL - 33
SP - e120-e130
JO - International journal of geriatric psychiatry
JF - International journal of geriatric psychiatry
IS - 1
ER -