@article{fed945c34b78420babab6dd7c9027c30,
title = "Measuring Apathy in Alzheimer's Disease in the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2): A Comparison of Instruments",
abstract = "Background: Diagnostic criteria for apathy have been published but have yet to be evaluated in the context of clinical trials. The Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2) operationalized the diagnostic criteria for apathy (DCA) into a clinician-rated questionnaire informed by interviews with the patient and caregiver. Objective: The goal of the present study was to compare the classification of apathy using the DCA with that using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-apathy (NPI-apathy) subscale in ADMET 2. Comparisons between NPI-Apathy and Dementia Apathy Interview Rating (DAIR) scale, and DCA and DAIR were also explored. Methods: ADMET 2 is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial examining the effects of 20 mg/day methylphenidate on symptoms of apathy over 6 months in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participants scoring at least 4 on the NPI-Apathy were recruited. This analysis focuses on cross-sectional correlations between baseline apathy scale scores using cross-tabulation. Results: Of 180 participants, the median age was 76.5 years and they were predominantly white (92.8%) and male (66.1%). The mean (±standard deviation) scores were 7.7 ± 2.4 on the NPI-apathy, and 1.9 ± 0.5 on the DAIR. Of those with NPI-defined apathy, 169 (93.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 89.3%–96.9%) met DCA diagnostic criteria. The DCA and DAIR overlapped on apathy diagnosis for 169 participants (93.9%, 95% CI 89.3%–96.9%). Conclusion: The measurements used for the assessment of apathy in patients with AD had a high degree of overlap with the DCA. The NPI-apathy cut-off used to determine apathy in ADMET 2 selects those likely to meet DCA criteria.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, apathy, dementia, diagnostic criteria, methylphenidate, neuropsychiatric inventory",
author = "Lanct{\^o}t, {Krista L.} and Scherer, {Roberta W.} and Abby Li and Danielle Vieira and Hamadou Coulibaly and Rosenberg, {Paul B.} and Nathan Herrmann and Lerner, {Alan J.} and Padala, {Prasad R.} and Olga Brawman-Mintzer and {van Dyck}, {Chris H.} and Porsteinsson, {Anton P.} and Suzanne Craft and Allan Levey and Burke, {William J.} and Mintzer, {Jacobo E.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Lanct{\^o}t reports grants from National Institute on Aging, during the conduct of the study; grants from Alzheimer's Association, Alzheimer Society of Canada, Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, National Institute on Aging; consulting fees from Abide, BioXcel, Cerevel, Exciva, Glide, Highmark, ICG Pharma, Kondor Pharma, Otsuka, outside the submitted work. Dr. Scherer, Ms. Li, Dr. Rosenberg report grants from National Institute of Aging, during the conduct of the study. NH reports research grants from Alzheimer's Association, Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, Alzheimer Society Canada, Brain Canada, Bright Focus Foundation, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, National Institute on Aging, Physician Services Incorporated. Dr. Padala reports grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Veterans Affairs during the conduct of the study. Dr. van Dyck reports grants from National Institute of Health for the conduct of the study; consulting fees from Roche, Elsai and Kyowa Kirin; and grants for clinical trials from Biogen, Roche, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Janssen, Novartis, Biohaven, Merck, Toyama, TauRx, and Forum, outside the submitted work. Dr. Levey reports grants from Eisai, Abbvie, Genentech, Novartis, Biogen; personal fees from Karuna Pharmaceuticals, GENUV, Cognito Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. Dr. Porsteinsson reports grants from National Institutes of Health for the conduct of the study; DSMB membership fees from Acadia, Functional Neuromodulation, Neurim, and Tetra Discovery Partners; consulting fees from Avanir, BioXcel, Eisai, Grifols, Lundbeck, Merck, Pfizer, and Toyama; grants for clinical trials from AstraZeneca, Avanir, Biogen, Biohaven, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Genentech/Roche, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, and Toyama, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry",
year = "2021",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.020",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "29",
pages = "81--89",
journal = "American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry",
issn = "1064-7481",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
number = "1",
}