TY - JOUR
T1 - Markers of inflammation predict the long-term risk of developing chronic kidney disease
T2 - A population-based cohort study
AU - Shankar, Anoop
AU - Sun, Liping
AU - Klein, Barbara E.K.
AU - Lee, Kristine E.
AU - Muntner, Paul
AU - Nieto, F. Javier
AU - Tsai, Michael Y.
AU - Cruickshanks, Karen J.
AU - Schubert, Carla R.
AU - Brazy, Peter C.
AU - Coresh, Josef
AU - Klein, Ronald
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant EYO6594 (RK, BEK), NIA grant AG11099 (KJC), NIDDK grant DK73217 (RK, AS), a grant from the American Heart Association (AS), and NIEHS grant 5-R03ES0018888-02 (AS).
PY - 2011/12
Y1 - 2011/12
N2 - In animal models, inflammatory processes have been shown to have an important role in the development of kidney disease. In humans, however, the independent relation between markers of inflammation and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not known. To clarify this, we examined the relationship of several inflammatory biomarker levels (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 2, white blood cell count, and interleukin-6) with the risk of developing CKD in a population-based cohort of up to 4926 patients with 15 years of follow-up. In cross-sectional analyses, we found that all these inflammation markers were positively associated with the outcome of interest, prevalent CKD. However, in longitudinal analyses examining the risk of developing incident CKD among those who were CKD-free at baseline, only tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 2, white blood cell count, and interleukin-6 levels (hazard ratios comparing highest with the lowest tertile of 2.10, 1.90, and 1.45, respectively), and not C-reactive protein (hazard ratio 1.09), were positively associated with incident CKD. Thus, elevations of most markers of inflammation predict the risk of developing CKD. Each marker should be independently verified.
AB - In animal models, inflammatory processes have been shown to have an important role in the development of kidney disease. In humans, however, the independent relation between markers of inflammation and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not known. To clarify this, we examined the relationship of several inflammatory biomarker levels (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 2, white blood cell count, and interleukin-6) with the risk of developing CKD in a population-based cohort of up to 4926 patients with 15 years of follow-up. In cross-sectional analyses, we found that all these inflammation markers were positively associated with the outcome of interest, prevalent CKD. However, in longitudinal analyses examining the risk of developing incident CKD among those who were CKD-free at baseline, only tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 2, white blood cell count, and interleukin-6 levels (hazard ratios comparing highest with the lowest tertile of 2.10, 1.90, and 1.45, respectively), and not C-reactive protein (hazard ratio 1.09), were positively associated with incident CKD. Thus, elevations of most markers of inflammation predict the risk of developing CKD. Each marker should be independently verified.
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U2 - 10.1038/ki.2011.283
DO - 10.1038/ki.2011.283
M3 - Article
C2 - 21866089
AN - SCOPUS:81155152411
SN - 0085-2538
VL - 80
SP - 1231
EP - 1238
JO - Kidney international
JF - Kidney international
IS - 11
ER -