TY - JOUR
T1 - Marked ethnic differences in HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among injection drug users in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, 2004
AU - Stachowiak, Julie A.
AU - Tishkova, Farida K.
AU - Strathdee, Steffanie A.
AU - Stibich, Mark A.
AU - Latypov, Alisher
AU - Mogilnii, Vladimir
AU - Beyrer, Chris
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of the staff of AIDS Infoshare Russia, the laboratory staff of the Federal Institute of Virology of Tajikistan, the outreach workers, the interviewers, and the pre-and post-HIV test counselors who contributed to this study. This research was supported by a grant from the U.S. Agency for International Development Central Asia Region (USAID/CAR), and we are especially grateful for the support of Aziza Khamidova, Almaz Sharman, and Kerry Pelzman. We also extend our gratitude to the Ministry of Health of Tajikistan.
Copyright:
Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2006/4
Y1 - 2006/4
N2 - Objective: To examine differences by ethnicity of HIV prevalence and correlates among injection drug users (IDUs) in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Methods: The researchers enrolled 489 active adult IDUs in a cross-sectional risk factor study of HIV infection. Participants were provided HIV pre-and posttest counseling and risk reduction counseling and answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire. HIV-1 status was determined with rapid tests and confirmed with ELISA. Results: Participants included four ethnicities: 204 Tajiks (49.1%), 145 Russians (29.7%), 58 Uzbeks (11.9%), and 46 participants of other nationalities (9.4%). Overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 12% and varied significantly by ethnieity: it was highest among ethnic Tajiks, at 19.2%; lowest among Russians and Uzbeks, at 3.4%; and 13% among other nationalities. Ethnic groups differed significantly in years injecting, receiving a needle from a needle exchange program (NEP), injecting in groups, having undergone drug treatment, reported condom use, and arrest history. Among Tajiks, HIV infection was significantly associated with daily injecting (OR 2.16); reporting that narcoties were very easy to obtain (OR 2.46); having undergone drug treatment (OR 2.75), and injecting "alone" (OR 3.12). Conclusions: Ethnic differences were strongly associated with HIV prevalence and risk behaviors in this multiethnic study, and prevention efforts might need to be targeted by ethnicity.
AB - Objective: To examine differences by ethnicity of HIV prevalence and correlates among injection drug users (IDUs) in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Methods: The researchers enrolled 489 active adult IDUs in a cross-sectional risk factor study of HIV infection. Participants were provided HIV pre-and posttest counseling and risk reduction counseling and answered an interviewer-administered questionnaire. HIV-1 status was determined with rapid tests and confirmed with ELISA. Results: Participants included four ethnicities: 204 Tajiks (49.1%), 145 Russians (29.7%), 58 Uzbeks (11.9%), and 46 participants of other nationalities (9.4%). Overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 12% and varied significantly by ethnieity: it was highest among ethnic Tajiks, at 19.2%; lowest among Russians and Uzbeks, at 3.4%; and 13% among other nationalities. Ethnic groups differed significantly in years injecting, receiving a needle from a needle exchange program (NEP), injecting in groups, having undergone drug treatment, reported condom use, and arrest history. Among Tajiks, HIV infection was significantly associated with daily injecting (OR 2.16); reporting that narcoties were very easy to obtain (OR 2.46); having undergone drug treatment (OR 2.75), and injecting "alone" (OR 3.12). Conclusions: Ethnic differences were strongly associated with HIV prevalence and risk behaviors in this multiethnic study, and prevention efforts might need to be targeted by ethnicity.
KW - HIV
KW - Injection drugs
KW - Prevalence
KW - Risk factors
KW - Tajikistan
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U2 - 10.1016/S0376-8716(06)80002-5
DO - 10.1016/S0376-8716(06)80002-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 16769449
AN - SCOPUS:33746196673
VL - 82
SP - S7-S14
JO - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
JF - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
SN - 0376-8716
IS - SUPPL. 1
ER -