TY - JOUR
T1 - Marked Discordance between Dynamic and Passive Diastolic Pressure-Volume Relations in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
AU - Pak, Peter H.
AU - Maughan, W. Lowell
AU - Baughman, Kenneth L.
AU - Kass, David A.
PY - 1996/7/1
Y1 - 1996/7/1
N2 - Background Dynamic diastolic pressure-volume curves measured during filling (PVRfill) in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are often considerably shallower than would be anticipated if one assumed high chamber stiffness. We hypothesized that these curves deviate markedly from the passive end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (EDPVR) and explored the mechanisms for such a discordance. Methods and Results We used invasive pressure-volume analysis and conductance catheter methodology to study 42 patients. Nine had HCM, and the remaining patients comprised three comparison groups: 11 with normal left ventricular (LV) function, 13 with LV hypertrophy secondary to chronic hypertension (LVH-HTN), and 9 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). EDPVRs were recorded during balloon catheter obstruction of inferior vena cava inflow. In normal subjects, LVH-HTN patients, and DCM patients, PVRfill curves deviated only slightly from the passive EDPVR. In striking contrast, HCM patients displayed a flat PVRfill that was very different from the steep EDPVR. On reduction of preload, PVRfill relations in HCM shifted downward in parallel, with a net pressure decline at the same chamber volume of -10±4 mm Hg. This staircaselike shift was much less in the other patient groups (-2±2 mm Hg; P<.001). The unusual behavior in HCM could not be attributed directly to increased viscosity, enhanced pericardial constraint, or preload dependence of isovolumic relaxation. Regional heterogeneity of relaxation may play a role; however, we speculate that the major mechanism relates to the unique fiber and chamber architecture seen with HCM and possibly to enhanced ventricular interaction. Conclusions Elevated LV filling pressures in HCM are not due simply to a stiff cavity but also reflect a major influence of offset pressures that vary with chamber loading. The large disparity between flat pressure-volume relations during filling and steep end-diastolic relations appears unique to HCM. This indicates that caution should be used in the interpretation of stiffness results derived from steady-state data and suggests that therapies that alter cavity geometry and/or reduce interaction may markedly influence LV diastolic pressures in HCM.
AB - Background Dynamic diastolic pressure-volume curves measured during filling (PVRfill) in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are often considerably shallower than would be anticipated if one assumed high chamber stiffness. We hypothesized that these curves deviate markedly from the passive end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (EDPVR) and explored the mechanisms for such a discordance. Methods and Results We used invasive pressure-volume analysis and conductance catheter methodology to study 42 patients. Nine had HCM, and the remaining patients comprised three comparison groups: 11 with normal left ventricular (LV) function, 13 with LV hypertrophy secondary to chronic hypertension (LVH-HTN), and 9 with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). EDPVRs were recorded during balloon catheter obstruction of inferior vena cava inflow. In normal subjects, LVH-HTN patients, and DCM patients, PVRfill curves deviated only slightly from the passive EDPVR. In striking contrast, HCM patients displayed a flat PVRfill that was very different from the steep EDPVR. On reduction of preload, PVRfill relations in HCM shifted downward in parallel, with a net pressure decline at the same chamber volume of -10±4 mm Hg. This staircaselike shift was much less in the other patient groups (-2±2 mm Hg; P<.001). The unusual behavior in HCM could not be attributed directly to increased viscosity, enhanced pericardial constraint, or preload dependence of isovolumic relaxation. Regional heterogeneity of relaxation may play a role; however, we speculate that the major mechanism relates to the unique fiber and chamber architecture seen with HCM and possibly to enhanced ventricular interaction. Conclusions Elevated LV filling pressures in HCM are not due simply to a stiff cavity but also reflect a major influence of offset pressures that vary with chamber loading. The large disparity between flat pressure-volume relations during filling and steep end-diastolic relations appears unique to HCM. This indicates that caution should be used in the interpretation of stiffness results derived from steady-state data and suggests that therapies that alter cavity geometry and/or reduce interaction may markedly influence LV diastolic pressures in HCM.
KW - Cardiomyopathy
KW - Diastole
KW - Hemodynamics
KW - Hypertrophy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030187606&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0030187606&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1161/01.CIR.94.1.52
DO - 10.1161/01.CIR.94.1.52
M3 - Article
C2 - 8964117
AN - SCOPUS:0030187606
SN - 0009-7322
VL - 94
SP - 52
EP - 60
JO - Circulation
JF - Circulation
IS - 1
ER -