Management of immunocompromised patients with evidence of an invasive mycosis

Invasive fungal infections have emerged as major causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly granulocytopenic and HIV-infected hosts. Diagnosis and treatment of these infections is determined by the type of fungus and the sites of infection. While Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. are the most common causes of fungal infection in granulocytopenic patients, less common pathogens are emerging as new challenges. This article summarizes current approaches used in the National Cancer Institute's Pediatric Branch for management of invasive fungal infections.