TY - JOUR
T1 - Male circumcision and risk of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections in India
AU - Reynolds, Steven J.
AU - Shepherd, Mary E.
AU - Risbud, Arun R.
AU - Gangakhedkar, Raman R.
AU - Brookmeyer, Ronald S.
AU - Divekar, Anand D.
AU - Mehendale, Sanjay M.
AU - Bollinger, Robert C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Ron Gray and David Diemert for their constructive review of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R21-AI3387901 and R01-AI41369; Family Health International (FHI), NIAID, NIH contract N01-AI35173; Fogarty International Center NIH fellowship grant TW000010-AITRP; and the R Samuel McLaughlin Foundation (SJR). None of the funding sources had any role in the research or in writing this report. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of ICMR, NIH, or FHI.
PY - 2004/3/27
Y1 - 2004/3/27
N2 - Circumcised men have a lower risk of HIV-1 infection than uncircumcised men. Laboratory findings suggest that the foreskin is enriched with HIV-1 target cells. However, some data suggest that circumcision could simply be a marker for low-risk behaviours. In a prospective study of 2298 HIV-uninfected men attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in India, we noted that circumcision was strongly protective against HIV-1 infection (adjusted relative risk 0·15; 95% CI 0·04-0·62; p=0·0089); however, we noted no protective effect against herpes simplex virus type 2, syphilis, or gonorrhoea. The specificity of this relation suggests a biological rather than behavioural explanation for the protective effect of male circumcision against HIV-1.
AB - Circumcised men have a lower risk of HIV-1 infection than uncircumcised men. Laboratory findings suggest that the foreskin is enriched with HIV-1 target cells. However, some data suggest that circumcision could simply be a marker for low-risk behaviours. In a prospective study of 2298 HIV-uninfected men attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in India, we noted that circumcision was strongly protective against HIV-1 infection (adjusted relative risk 0·15; 95% CI 0·04-0·62; p=0·0089); however, we noted no protective effect against herpes simplex virus type 2, syphilis, or gonorrhoea. The specificity of this relation suggests a biological rather than behavioural explanation for the protective effect of male circumcision against HIV-1.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15840-6
DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15840-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 15051285
AN - SCOPUS:1642619488
SN - 0140-6736
VL - 363
SP - 1039
EP - 1040
JO - Lancet
JF - Lancet
IS - 9414
ER -