TY - JOUR
T1 - Magnetoelectroporation
T2 - improved labeling of neural stem cells and leukocytes for cellular magnetic resonance imaging using a single FDA-approved agent
AU - Walczak, Piotr
AU - Ruiz-Cabello, Jesus
AU - Kedziorek, Dorota A.
AU - Gilad, Assaf A.
AU - Lin, Sopo
AU - Barnett, Bradley
AU - Qin, Lu
AU - Levitsky, Hyam
AU - Bulte, Jeff W.M.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2006/6
Y1 - 2006/6
N2 - Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relies on the use of intracellular contrast agents, primarily iron oxide compounds. Several techniques have been used to efficiently shuttle iron oxides into nonphagocytic cells, but all methods used until now require a prolonged incubation of cells. We hypothesized that instant magnetic labeling of cells could be achieved using electroporation. Neural stem cells (NSCs) and leukocytes from spleen and lymph nodes were suspended in a ferumoxide labeling solution, loaded into cuvettes, and subjected to electromechanical permeabilization using electroporation. Magnetically labeled cells were assayed for labeling efficiency, as well as for potential toxicity or altered function. To confirm the method's applicability to detect cells, MRI experiments were performed at 11.7 T. Magnetoelectroporation of NSCs, as demonstrated by Prussian blue staining, anti-dextran immunostaining, and a quantitative iron uptake assay, proved to be an efficient intracellular magnetic labeling method. Leukocytes including lymphocytes, which are notoriously difficult to label because of their membrane properties and small cytoplasmic volume, also demonstrated a pronounced uptake of ferumoxide. MRI experiments showed that labeled NSCs could be visualized as single cells and cell clusters in gelatin phantoms, and as proliferating cell masses in mouse brain. We have developed a convenient technique for instant magnetic labeling of cells. Because magnetoelectroporation allows the use of ferumoxides approved by the US Food and Drug Administration without additional agents, it has excellent potential for clinical translation.
AB - Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relies on the use of intracellular contrast agents, primarily iron oxide compounds. Several techniques have been used to efficiently shuttle iron oxides into nonphagocytic cells, but all methods used until now require a prolonged incubation of cells. We hypothesized that instant magnetic labeling of cells could be achieved using electroporation. Neural stem cells (NSCs) and leukocytes from spleen and lymph nodes were suspended in a ferumoxide labeling solution, loaded into cuvettes, and subjected to electromechanical permeabilization using electroporation. Magnetically labeled cells were assayed for labeling efficiency, as well as for potential toxicity or altered function. To confirm the method's applicability to detect cells, MRI experiments were performed at 11.7 T. Magnetoelectroporation of NSCs, as demonstrated by Prussian blue staining, anti-dextran immunostaining, and a quantitative iron uptake assay, proved to be an efficient intracellular magnetic labeling method. Leukocytes including lymphocytes, which are notoriously difficult to label because of their membrane properties and small cytoplasmic volume, also demonstrated a pronounced uptake of ferumoxide. MRI experiments showed that labeled NSCs could be visualized as single cells and cell clusters in gelatin phantoms, and as proliferating cell masses in mouse brain. We have developed a convenient technique for instant magnetic labeling of cells. Because magnetoelectroporation allows the use of ferumoxides approved by the US Food and Drug Administration without additional agents, it has excellent potential for clinical translation.
KW - Cell tracking
KW - Electroporation
KW - Magnetic labeling
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Superparamagnetic iron oxide
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33745435248&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33745435248&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.nano.2006.01.003
DO - 10.1016/j.nano.2006.01.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 17292120
AN - SCOPUS:33745435248
SN - 1549-9634
VL - 2
SP - 89
EP - 94
JO - Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
JF - Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
IS - 2
ER -