Abstract
To address the shortcomings of urine cytology and cystoscopy for probing and grading urinary bladder cancer (BC), we applied 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a surrogate method for the identification of BC. This study includes 99 serum samples comprising low-grade (LG; n = 36) and high-grade (HG; n = 31) BC as well as healthy controls (HC; n = 32). 1H NMR-derived serum data were analyzed using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). OPLS-DA-derived model validity was confirmed using an internal and external cross-validation. Internal validation was performed using the initial samples (n = 99) data set. External validation was performed on a new batch of suspected BC patients (n = 106) through a double-blind study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed. OPLS-DA-derived serum metabolomics (six biomarkers, ROC; 0.99) were able to discriminate 95% of BC cases with 96% sensitivity and 94% specificity when compared to HC. Likewise (three biomarkers, ROC; 0.99), 98% of cases of LG were able to differentiate from HG with 97% sensitivity and 99% specificity. External validation reveals comparable results to the internal validation. 1H NMR-based serum metabolic screening appears to be a promising and less invasive approach for probing and grading BC in contrast to the highly invasive and painful cystoscopic approach for BC detection.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 5839-5850 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Journal of proteome research |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 6 2013 |
Keywords
- NMR spectroscopy
- Urinary bladder cancer
- serum metabolomics
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Chemistry(all)